Table 1.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic properties of intravenous β-blockers

Drug	Onset (min)	Max. elimination half-life (min)	Receptors	Cardio-selectivity (β1–β2)	Metabolization	HR	MAP
Metoprolol	1–3	420	β1	3	Cytochrome P2D6 (Leber)	↓	↓
Labetalol	2–5	120–480	β1–β2–α1	No	By the liver resulting in an inactive glucuronide conjugate	↓	↓↓
Propanolol	< 5	360–600	1–β2	No	Cytochrome P2D6	↓	↓
Esmolol	2	9	β1	30	ERY esterases	↓↓	↓
Landiolol	1	4	β1	250	Pseudocholinesterases	↓↓	↔ /↓

Legend: Max Maximum, min Minutes, HR Heart rate, MAP Mean arterial pressure