TABLE 4.
Social-motivation items that exhibit DIF (corrected for via MNLFA)
| Social-motivation aspect | Item description | Measure | DIF covariate | DIF type | Estimate (SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liking | Enjoys closeness during feeding | IBQ-R | Age | Intercept | −0.117 (0.030) |
| Age | Loading | 0.078 (0.015) | |||
| Seeking | Snuggles after feeding | IBQ-R | Age | Intercept | −0.174 (0.035) |
| Age | Loading | 0.066 (0.024) | |||
| Liking | Enjoys watching adults make faces | IBQ-R | Age | Intercept | −0.062 (0.015) |
| Liking | Smiling during peekaboo | IBQ-R | Age | Loading | −0.058 (0.010) |
| Liking | Laughs during peekaboo | IBQ-R | Age | Intercept | 0.068 (0.026) |
| Age | Loading | −0.090 (0.017) | |||
| Maintaining | Imitates your sounds | IBQ-R | Age | Intercept | 0.180 (0.022) |
| Liking | Enjoys being held after you’ve been away | IBQ-R | HL | Intercept | −0.223 (0.071) |
| Maintaining | Makes talking sounds when you talk to her | IBQ-R | Age | Loading | 0.044 (0.015) |
| Liking | Smiles or laughs when you return | Age | Intercept | −0.054 (0.018) | |
| IBQ-R | Age | Loading | 0.031 (0.011) | ||
| HL | Loading | 0.160 (0.076) | |||
| Liking | Enjoys herself in a crowd | IBQ-R | Age | Intercept | −0.057 (0.016) |
| Maintaining | Imitates simple movements (e.g., clapping) | VABS | Female | Intercept | 1.251 (0.37) |