Table 2.
Demographics, patient characteristics, and treatment data in all patients 2–12 years of age
| Variable | Typically developinga | Neurodevelopmental disordersa | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 406 | n = 54 | ||
| Age, years | 5.36 (4.57, 6.69) | 5.37 (4.15, 6.18) | 0.505 |
| Younger group (2–6) | 316 (77.8%) | 44 (81.5%) | 0.664 |
| Older group (7–12) | 90 (22.2%) | 10 (18.5%) | 0.664 |
| Sex | 0.107 | ||
| Female | 202 (49.8%) | 20 (37.0%) | |
| Male | 204 (50.2%) | 34 (63.0%) | |
| Race (n = 374) | (n = 321) | (n = 51) | 0.372 |
| White | 241 (74.6%) | 41 (80.4%) | |
| Non-White | 80 (24.8%) | 10 (19.6%) | |
| Ethnicity (n = 347) | (n = 301) | (n = 44) | 0.984 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 34 (11.2%) | 5 (11.4%) | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 267 (88.7%) | 39 (88.6%) | |
| Family history of amblyopia | 130 (31.9%) | 22 (40.7%) | 0.197 |
| Type of amblyopiac | 0.634 | ||
| Anisometropic | 243 (59.9%) | 29 (53.7%) | |
| Strabismic | 85 (20.9%) | 12 (22.2%) | |
| Mixed | 78 (19.2%) | 13 (24.1%) | |
| Severity of amblyopia | 0.273 | ||
| Moderate: 20/40 ≤ 20/80 BCVA | 263 (66.0%) | 31 (57.4%) | |
| Severe: >20/80 BCVA | 138 (34.0%) | 23 (42.6%) | |
| Prior amblyopia treatment | 153 (37.7%) | 24 (44.4%) | 0.418 |
| Treatment compliance | |||
| Treated with glasses | 380 (93.6%) | 48 (88.9%) | 0.321 |
| Median glasses compliance | 100% (100%, 100%) | 100% (75%, 100%) | 0.356 |
| Treated with patching | 328 (80.8%) | 40 (74.1%) | 0.328 |
| Median patching compliance | 60% (25%, 100%) | 50% (20%, 100%) | 0.515 |
| Treated with atropine | 98 (24.1%) | 12 (22.2%) | 0.889 |
| Median atropine compliance | 75% (0%, 100%) | 75% (20%, 90%) | 0.718 |
BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity.
a
Data are presented as frequency (percentage) for categorical data and median (25th, 75th percentile) for continuous data.
b
Obtained using the χ2 test, Fisher exact test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as appropriate.
c
Anisometropic: ≥1.00 D of spherical equivalent or ≥1.5 D of astigmatism between eyes. Strabismic: heterotropia upon exam. Mixed: meet criteria for anisometropic and strabismic.