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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Psychol. 2023 Jul 21;79(11):2602–2624. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23570

Table 2.

Model comparison results.

Model Bayes Factor DIC LOOIC Posterior Predictive Check Convergence Issues Selected Model

Goal 1: Informative vs. Noninformative Informative/Noninformative Noninformative/Informative Informative – Noninformative Informative – Noninformative Informative – Noninformative
GJ ~ Socialization 208.81 0.01 -97.00<-96.89 -95.2<-94.8 0.32<0.50 Informative
GJ ~ Socialization + Nonverbal Ability 138^28 1.05^-30 -85.99>-96.75 -96.4<-95.6 0.32<0.51 Informative
Goal 2: Weakly-informative vs. Noninformative Weakly-informative/Noninformative Noninformative/ Weakly-informative Weakly-informative – Noninformative Weakly-informative – Noninformative Weakly-informative – Noninformative
GJ ~ Socialization 0.001 931.56 -94.27>-96.89 -23.3>-94.8 0.32<0.50 Weakly-informative Non-informative
GJ ~ Socialization + Race 357^18 1.14^-21 -88.28>-91.48 -96.5<-95.0 0.31<0.50 Weakly-informative
GJ ~ Socialization + Ethnicity 224^18 3.14^-21 -97.51>-98.14 -96.4<-95.2 0.31<0.49 Weakly-informative
GJ ~ Socialization + Income >1,000 0.00 -90.91>-96.17 -91.7<-91.5 0.34<0.50 Weakly-informative
GJ ~ Socialization + Maternal Education 348^11 5.43ˆ-14 -91.23>-98.22 -82.4>-92.1 0.35<0.50 Weakly-informative; Noninformative No model selected

Note. Bayes Factor = larger values represent more evidence that the data favors the numerator model; DIC = Deviance information criterion, smaller values represent better model fit; LOOIC = Leave-one-out cross validation information criterion, smaller values indicate better prediction; Posterior Predictive Checks = yields a p-value indicating the proportion of model predictions that equal/exceed the observed value, a p-value of approximately .50 indicates that the model prediction fits the actual data; Convergence Issues = reports any model that fails to meet convergence standards on any metric, See Supplementary Materials 2 for complete convergence metric reporting; GJ = Grammaticality judgement; Socialization = VABS-3 Socialization standard scores; Nonverbal ability = Nonverbal ability z-scores on the Penn Matrix Reasoning scale; Noninformative/Informative = evidence in favor of the noninformative model relative to the informative model; Informative/Noninformative = evidence in favor of the informative model relative to the noninformative model; Informative – Noninformative = Informative model DIC and noninformative DIC; Weakly-informative/Noninformative = evidence in favor of the weakly-informative model relative to the noninformative model; Noninformative/Weakly-informative = evidence in favor of the noninformative model relative to the weakly-informative model; Weakly-informative – Noninformative = Weakly-informative model DIC and noninformative DIC; ~ = outcome variable regressed on predictor variable.