Table 4.
Baseline characteristics of all adults with penetrating traumatic injuries with prehospital cardiac arrest who underwent resuscitative thoracotomy, stratified by teaching hospital status
| Hospital Type | Total | p-value | Total Missing Values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Teaching | Community – Teaching | University – Teaching | ||||
| N=109 (6.7%) | N=420 (25.8%) | N=1,097 (67.5%) | N=1,626 | |||
| Age (years) | 32 (23 – 45) | 28 (22 – 38) | 30 (23 – 39) | 29 (23 – 39) | 0.07 | 41 (2.5%) |
| Sex (male) | 96 (90.6%) | 370 (88.1%) | 993 (91.0%) | 1,459 (90.2%) | 0.23 | 9 (0.6%) |
| Mechanism of Penetrating Injury | 0.37 | 8 (0.5) | ||||
| Stabbing | 18 (16.8%) | 49 (11.7%) | 143 (13.1%) | 210 (13.0%) | ||
| Firearm | 89 (83.2%) | 369 (88.3%) | 950 (86.9%) | 1,408 (87.0%) | ||
| Modified CCI | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.36 | 231 (14.2%) |
| Arrival Vital Signs | ||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 21 .6 (46.4) | 12.9 (35.6) | 12.2 (36.7) | 13 .0 (37.3) | 0.05 | 184 (11.3%) |
| Pulse Rate (bpm) | 22.6 (49.2) | 15.4 (39.4) | 11.7 (33.6) | 13.4 (36.4) | 0.01 | 162 (9.9%) |
| RR (bpm*) | 8.2 (9.1) | 8.8 (10.2) | 6.6 (9.5) | 7.3 (9.7) | 0.01 | 588 (36.2%) |
| Pulse Oximetry (%O2) | 32.4 (43.6) | 39.1 (45.8) | 29.5 (42.9) | 31.9 (43.8) | 0.03 | 777 (47.8%) |
| Total GCS – EMS | 4.8 (3.7) | 4.4 (3.4) | 5.0 (3.9) | 4.8 (3.8) | 0.13 | 736 (45.3%) |
| Total GCS – Arrival | 3.0 (0.4) | 3.2 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.3) | 3.2 (1.2) | 0.45 | 62 (3.8%) |
| ISS | 25 (17 – 35) | 26 (17 – 38) | 26 (17 – 34) | 26 (17 – 35) | 0.59 | 88 (5.4%) |
| Trauma Center Level | <0.001 | 337 (20.7%) | ||||
| Level I | 16 (18.4%) | 176 (57.9%) | 856 (95.3%) | 1,048 (81.3%) | ||
| Level II | 70 (80.5%) | 123 (40.5%) | 42 (4.7%) | 235 (18.2%) | ||
| Level III | 1 (1.1%) | 5 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (0.5%) | ||
| ED Disposition | 0.47 | 0 (0%) | ||||
| Operating Room | 32 (29.4%) | 134 (31.9%) | 375 (34.2%) | 541 (33.3%) | ||
| Deceased | 77 (70.6%) | 286 (68.1%) | 722 (65.8%) | 1,085 (66.7%) | ||
| Mortality | 105 (96.3%) | 402 (95.7%) | 1,046 (95.4%) | 1,553 (95.5%) | 0.87 | 0 (0%) |
Data presented as mean (SD), median (IQR) or n (%)
Abbreviations: CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; bpm: beats per minute; RR: Respiratory rate; bpm*:breaths per minute; GCS: Glasgow coma scale; EMS: Emergency medical services; ISS: Injury Severity Score; ED: Emergency Department