Table 2:
Unadjusted odds ratios of engagement for different baseline covariates
| Engagement | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Predictor | aPNF | aSelf-monitoring | aStage 1 | bStage 2 |
|
| ||||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
|
| ||||
| Demographics | ||||
|
| ||||
| Female (vs. Male) | 1.20 (0.84, 1.72) | 1.18 (0.72, 1.95) | 1.145 (0.81, 1.617) | 1.81 (0.93, 3.53) |
| Non-white race/ethnicity (vs. White) | 1.19 (0.78, 1.80) | 1.38 (0.75, 2.56) | 1.225 (0.82, 1.829) | 0.91 (0.35, 2.33) |
| Greek life intention (Yes/Undecided vs. No) | 0.77 (0.54, 1.10) | 0.56 (0.34, 0.90) * | 0.62 (0.44, 0.87) ** | 0.68 (0.35, 1.31) |
| Parents’ highest education (College degree or higher vs. Less) | 0.75 (0.49, 1.14) | 1.33 (0.69, 2.56) | 0.87 (0.575, 1.318) | 1.66 (0.71, 3.88) |
| Family member with drinking problem (Yes vs. No) | 1.22 (0.85, 1.75) | 1.01 (0.61, 1.67) | 1.06 (0.75, 1.50) | 1.34 (0.69, 2.58) |
|
| ||||
| Mental Health | ||||
|
| ||||
| Average patient health questionnaire score (0–3) | 1.19 (0.86, 1.64) | 1.06 (0.68, 1.66) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.67) | 1.94 (1.01, 3.73) * |
| Suicidal ideation score (0–3) | 0.98 (0.58, 1.66) | 0.68 (0.38, 1.23) | 0.94 (0.57, 1.54) | 1.24 (0.49, 3.13) |
| Average perceived stress score (0–4) | 1.03 (0.780, 1.34) | 0.99 (0.69, 1.44) | 1.02 (0.79, 1.31) | 1.38 (0.81, 2.36) |
| Average general anxiety disorder score (0–3) | 1.02 (0.78, 1.35) | 1.13 (0.76, 1.69) | 1.11 (0.85, 1.45) | 1.57 (0.86, 2.88) |
|
| ||||
| Drinking-related predictors | ||||
|
| ||||
| Pre-college binge drinking (Some vs. Never) | 0.61 (0.42, 0.88) ** | 0.41 (0.25, 0.68) *** | 0.47 (0.32, 0.67) *** | - |
| cMid-semester binge frequency (0–10) | - | - | - | 0.98 (0.79, 1.21) |
| Baseline perceived norm % binge (10% increments, 0–100) | 0.88 (0.80, 0.96) ** | 0.84 (0.74, 0.95) ** | 0.86 (0.78, 0.94) *** | 0.94 (0.79, 1.12) |
| Baseline alcohol consequences (0–24) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.98) * | 0.90 (0.84, 0.96) ** | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) |
| Average social motives score (0–5) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.05) | 0.80 (0.69, 0.93) ** | 0.87 (0.79, 0.97) | 0.84 (0.66, 1.08) |
| Average coping motives score (0–5) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.14) | 0.72 (0.58, 0.90) ** | 0.84 (0.71, 0.99) * | 0.89 (0.64, 1.23) |
| Average enhancement motives score (0–5) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.90) *** | 0.87 (0.77, 0.97) * | 0.82 (0.62, 1.09) |
| Average conformity motives score (0–5) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.10) | 0.66 (0.51, 0.85) *** | 0.77 (0.63, 0.93) ** | 0.87 (0.57, 1.33) |
|
| ||||
| Readiness to change | ||||
|
| ||||
| Pre-contemplation score (-8 to 8) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) |
| Contemplation score (-8 to 8) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) |
| Action score (-8 to 8) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) | 1.14 (1.01, 1.29) * |
|
| ||||
| Assigned intervention and previous engagement | ||||
|
| ||||
| Late intervention (vs. Early) | 1.16 (0.82, 1.64) | 0.89 (0.55, 1.45) | 1.15 (0.82, 1.60) | 0.71 (0.37, 1.37) |
| Email intervention (vs. Coach) | - | - | - | 0.82 (0.43, 1.56) |
| PNF engagement (Some vs. none) | - | - | - | 2.81 (1.39, 5.68) ** |
a
Engagement among API students (N=591).
b
Engagement in the Stage 2 bridging strategy is only among heavy drinkers (N=158).
c
Mid-semester binge frequency is obtained from self-monitoring surveys in Stage 1 and is only considered a predictor of Stage 2 engagement among heavy drinkers. Stage 1 engagement is engaging in both PNF and self-monitoring components. PNF=Personalized Normative Feedback. CI=Confidence Interval
***
p<0.001
**
p<0.01
*
p<0.05