location	test	n	criterion	notes
latency to laser stim (optotagging)	Results, Figure 1	Wilcoxon rank sum	number of ISIs; varies with cell	p < 0.01	This test was performed for each cell recorded in PV-Cre rats and was one of 4 criteria used to determine opto-tagging
value coding assessment	Results, Figures 2–3, S2–S3	multiple linear regression, MATLAB function fitlm()	number of behavioral trials; varies with recording session	p < 0.05	This test was performed for all cells at each time in the behavioral tasks
significant response to cues	Figure 4	E-test for comparing means under Poisson statistics62.	spike counts in response bins	p < 0.01 after Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (6 bins)	This test was performed for all GPe Slow Pacemaker and VTA DA cells
comparison of peak response to task cues, GPe Slow Pacemaker - VTA DA	Results, Figure 4	Wilcoxon rank sum	number of cells; GPe SP Pavlovian, 82; VTA DA Pavlovian, 10, GPe SP instrumental, 93; VTA DA instrumental, 29	p < 0.05	Summary statistics shown in Figure 4A are median and interquartile intervals
RPE coding at peak firing rate	Results, Figures 4, S4	linear regression, MATLAB function fitlm()	number of behavioral trials; varies with recording session	p < 0.01	This test was performed for all GPe Slow Pacemaker and VTA DA cells
Response latency to task cues	Results, Figure 4	Wilcoxon rank sum	number of cells; GPe SP Pavlovian, 82; VTA DA Pavlovian, 29, GPe SP instrumental, 93; VTA DA instrumenal, 29	p < 0.05	Summary statistics reported in Results are mean ± standard deviation
Duration of value coding, Pavlovian: ANOVA	Results, Figure 5	Kruskal-Wallis	number of cells by type: Fast Proto, 289; Slow Proto, 340; Arky, 231; Slow Pace, 82	p < 0.05	Summary statistics reported in Results are means
Duration of value coding, Pavlovian: pairwise comparisons	Results, Figure 5	Wilcoxon rank sum	see above	p < 0.05
Duration of value coding, instrumental: ANOVA	Results, Figure 5	Kruskal-Wallis	number of cells by type: Fast Proto, 338; Slow Proto, 438; Arky, 292; Slow Pace, 93	p < 0.05	Summary statistics reported in Results are means
Duration of value coding, instrumental: pairwise comparisons	Results, Figure 5	Wilcoxon rank sum	see above	p < 0.05
Consistency of value coding	Results	Pearson linear correlation	number of cells by type: Fast Proto, 289; Slow Proto, 340; Arky, 231; Slow Pace, 82	p < 0.0125 (Bonferroni-corrected)	Summary statistics reported in Results are correlation coefficients
value coding location, Pavlovian: ANOVA	Results, Figure 6	Kruskal-Wallis	number of cells by type: Fast Proto, 250; Slow Proto, 216; Arky, 168; Slow Pace, 50	p < 0.05	Summary statistics plotted in Figure 6C are means
value coding location, instrumental: ANOVA	Results, Figure 6	Kruskal-Wallis	number of cells by type: Fast Proto, 265; Slow Proto, 229; Arky, 177; Slow Pace, 51	p < 0.05	Summary statistics plotted in Figure 6C are means