Table 1.
Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics
| Pancreatoduodenectomy | Distal pancreatectomy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Standard NSQIP (N=6,286) | Pancreas-Targeted NSQIP (N=24,071) | p-value | Standard NSQIP (N=3,492) | Pancreas-Targeted NSQIP (N=11,308) | p-value |
| Age (years); median (IQR) | 66 (58–73) | 66 (58–73) | 0.036 | 63 (52–71) | 63 (53–72) | 0.020 |
| Female sex | 3,419 (54%) | 12,877 (54%) | 0.210 | 1,560 (45%) | 5,035 (45%) | 0.894 |
| Race | <0.001 | 0.003 | ||||
| White | 4,631 (74%) | 17,934 (75%) | 2,513 (72) | 8,344 (74) | ||
| Other | 717 (11%) | 3,090 (13%) | 400 (12%) | 1,353 (12%) | ||
| Missing | 938 (15%) | 3,047 (13%) | 579 (17%) | 1,611 (14%) | ||
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) | 1,797 (29%) | 6,458 (27%) | 0.005 | 1,301 (38%) | 4,169 (37%) | 0.582 |
| BMI; median (IQR) | 26.8 (24–31) | 26.6 (23–30) | 0.004 | 28 (24–33) | 28 (24–32) | 0.287 |
| Smoking | 1,181 (19%) | 4,216(18%) | 0.020 | 635 (18%) | 1,825 (16%) | 0.005 |
| History of COPD | 276 (4%) | 998 (4%) | 0.409 | 147 (4%) | 455 (4%) | 0.662 |
| Dyspnea | 330 (5%) | 1,231 (5%) | 0.688 | 226 (7%) | 645 (6%) | 0.100 |
| Hypertension | 3,481 (55%) | 12,735 (53%) | <0.001 | 1,779 (51%) | 5,813 (51%) | 0.648 |
| Diabetes | 1,762 (28%) | 6,357 (26%) | 0.010 | 909 (26%) | 2,774 (25%) | 0.077 |
| Disseminated cancer * | 526 (8%) | 1,013 (4%) | <0.001* | 450 (13%) | 803 (7%) | <0.001* |
| History of chronic steroids | 194 (3%) | 652 (3%) | 0.115 | 131 (4%) | 425 (4%) | 1.000 |
| Weight loss (>10% in last 6 months) | 846 (14%) | 3,600 (15%) | 0.003 | 228 (7%) | 681 (6%) | 0.294 |
| Preoperative sepsis | 141 (2%) | 261 (1%) | <0.001 | 90 (3%) | 129 (1%) | <0.001* |
| ASA class | 0.253 | 0.84 | ||||
| 1 | 1,289 (21%) | 5,167 (22%) | 1,034 (30%) | 3,406 (30%) | ||
| 2–3 | 4,530 (72%) | 17,185 (71%) | 2,277 (65%) | 7,323 (65%) | ||
| 4–5 | 457 (7%) | 1,702 (7%) | 178 (5%) | 567 (5%) | ||
| Hematocrit <40% | 2,211 (36%) | 8,274 (35%) | 0.187 | 1,563 (46%) | 5,488 (50%) | <0.001 |
| Serum albumin <3 g/dL | 1,228 (11%) | 3,984 (10%) | 0.001 | 800 (7%) | 2,123 (3%) | <0.001* |
| Bleeding requiring transfusion | 1,363 (21.7%) | 4,380 (18.2%) | <0.001 | 635 (18.2%) | 1,265 (11.2%) | <0.001* |
| Operative time (minutes); median (IQR) | 342 (262–441) | 359 (282–447) | <0.001 | 203 (147–280) | 212 (157–283) | <0.001 |
Bleeding requiring transfusion is captured from the surgery start time up to 72 hours after.
Abbreviations: NSQIP: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, IQR: Interquartile range, BMI: Body Mass Index, COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists
*
Standardized mean difference ≥0.1