Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression of associations between ln-transformed urinary EDCs by metabolic outcomes (N = 344).
| Waist circumference z-score β (95% CI) | Insulin z-score β (95% CI) | Average blood pressure (Tarokh et al., 2019) z-score β (95% CI) | Lipids ratio (Rodriguez et al., 2004) z-score β (95% CI) | Fasting glucose z-score β (95% CI) | MetS risk z-score β (95% CI) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Σ DEHP | 0.06 (−0.06, 0.18) | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.20) | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.20) | 0.10 (−0.02, 0.21) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.18) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.18) | 0.13 (0.01, 0.24)* | 0.12 (0.01, 0.24)* | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.19) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.19) | 0.13 (0.01, 0.25)* | 0.14 (0.03, 0.26)* |
| MEHP | 0.00 (−0.12, 0.12) | 0.00 (−0.13, 0.11) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.16) | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.15) | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.20) | 0.11 (−0.01, 0.22) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) | 0.06 (−0.06, 0.17) | 0.06 (−0.06, 0.18) | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.19) |
| MEHHP | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.17) | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.19) | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.19) | 0.09 (−0.02, 0.20) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.18) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.17) | 0.12 (0.01, 0.23)* | 0.13 (0.01, 0.25)* | 0.06 (−0.06, 0.17) | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.17) | 0.12 (0.01, 0.23)* | 0.13 (0.02, 0.25)* |
| MECPP | 0.06 (−0.06, 0.18) | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.21) | 0.10 (−0.02, 0.21) | 0.10 (−0.01, 0.22) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.18) | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.19) | 0.13 (−0.01, 0.24)* | 0.14 (0.01, 0.26)* | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.21) | 0.09 (−0.02, 0.21) | 0.14 (0.03, 0.26)* | 0.15 (0.04, 0.27)* |
| MEOHP | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.16) | 0.06 (−0.06, 0.17) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.18) | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.19) | 0.06 (−0.04, 0.17) | 0.05 (−0.05, 0.16) | 0.10 (−0.01, 0.21) | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.03) | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.16) | −0.05 (−0.6, 0.17) | 0.10 (−0.11, 0.21) | 0.11 (−0.01, 0.22) |
| Σ DBP | 0.00 (−0.13, 0.12) | 0.00 (−0.12, 0.13) | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.14) | 0.03 (−0.10, 0.15) | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.20) | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.18) | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.20) | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.20) | −0.04 (−0.17, 0.08) | −0.04 (−0.16, 0.08) | 0.02 (−0.10, 0.15) | 0.03 (−0.10, 0.16) |
| MBP | 0.00 (−0.13, 0.12) | 0.00 (−0.12, 0.12) | 0.02 (−0.10, 0.14) | 0.03 (−0.09, 0.15) | 0.09 (−003, 0.20) | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.17) | 0.07 (−0.04, 019) | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.20) | −0.05 (−0.16, 0.07) | −0.04 (−0.16, 0.08) | 0.02 (−0.09, 0.14) | 0.03 (−0.09, 0.15) |
| MiBP | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.13) | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.13) | −0.03 (−0.15, 0.09) | −0.03 (−0.16, 0.09) | 0.00 (−0.11, 0.11) | −0.02 (−0.13, 0.10) | 0.03 (−0.09, 0.15) | 0.03 (−0.09, 0.15) | −0.05 (0.17, 0.07) | −0.04 (−0.16, 0.08) | −0.02 (−0.14, 0.11) | −0.01 (−0.14, 0.11) |
| MBzP | −0.02 (−0.14, 0.10) | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.13) | −0.02 (−0.14, 0.10) | −0.02 (−0.14, 0.10) | 0.00 (−0.11, 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.10, 0.12) | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.18) | 0.05 (−0.06, 0.17) | −0.04 (−0.16, 0.08) | −0.05 (−0.16, 0.07) | −0.01 (−0.12, 0.10) | 0.00 (−0.12, 0.12) |
| MCNP | 0.14 (−0.03, 0.30) | 0.14 (−0.02, 0.31) | 0.03 (−0.14, 0.19) | 0.07 (−0.10, 0.24) | 0.19 (0.03, 0.35)* | 0.12 (−0.04, 0.28) | 0.15 (−0.01, 0.31) | 0.18 (0.01, 0.34)* | 0.11 (−0.05, 0.28) | 0.12 (−0.04, 0.30) | 0.17 (0.01, 0.34)* | 0.20 (0.03, 0.37)* |
| MCOP | 0.12 (0.01, 0.24)* | 0.11 (−0.01, 0.23) | 0.05 (−0.06, 0.17) | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.20) | 0.12 (0.00, 0.23)* | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.19) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.19) | 0.10 (−0.02, 0.22) | 0.06 (−0.06, 0.17) | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.19) | 0.12 (0.00, 0.24)* | 0.14 (0.02, 0.26)* |
| MCPP | −0.03 (−0.16, 0.09) | −0.03 (−0.016, 0.09) | −0.06 (−0.18, 0.06) | −0.06 (−0.18, 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.10, 0.14) | 0.00 (−0.12, 0.11) | −0.04 (−0.16, 0.09) | −0.03 (−0.15, 0.09) | 0.00 (−0.13, 0.11) | 0.00 (−0.13, 0.12) | −0.05 (−0.17, 0.07) | −0.05 (−0.17, 0.08) |
| MEP | 0.01 (−0.07, 0.10) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.10) | 0.00 (−0.08, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.09) | 0.05 (−0.03, 0.12) | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.12) | 0.03 (−0.05, 0.12) | 0.04 (0.04, 0.12) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.06) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.07, 0.10) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.10) |
| Σ Plastic | 0.06 (−0.07, 0.18) | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.20) | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.20) | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.22) | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.19) | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.19) | 0.13 (0.01, 0.25)* | 0.12 (0.01, 0.25)* | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.19) | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.19) | 0.13 (0.01, 025)* | 0.14 (0.02, 0.26)* |
| Σ AA | 0.03 (−0.10, 0.16) | 0.04 (−0.09, 0.18) | 0.07 (−0.06, 0.20) | 0.08 (−0.06, 0.21) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.23) | 0.10 (−0.02, 0.22) | 0.13 (0.00, 0.26)* | 0.13 (0.01, 0.26)* | 0.01 (−0.012, 0.14) | 0.01 (−0.12, 0.14) | 0.10 (−0.03, 0.23) | 0.11 (−0.03, 0.24) |
| Σ PCP | 0.01 (−0.10, 0.12) | 0.01 (−0.10, 0.12) | 0.02 (−0.10, 0.12) | 0.02 (−0.09, 0.13) | 0.09 (−0.02, 0.19) | 0.07 (−0.03, 0.17) | 0.07 (−0.03, 0.18) | 0.07 (−0.03, 0.18) | −0.03 (−0.13, 0.08) | −0.02 (−0.13, 0.08) | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.14) | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.15) |
| 2,4 DCP | 0.06 (−0.02, 0.13) | 0.05 (−0.02, 0.13) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.05) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.05) | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.14) | 0.05 (−0.02, 0.12) | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.12) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.12) | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.11) | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.11) | 0.05 (−0.03, 0.12) | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.12) |
| 2,5 DCP | 0.08 (0.02, 0.14)* | 0.07 (0.00, 0.13)* | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.06) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.07) | 0.07 (0.01, 0.13)* | 0.06 (0.00, 0.12)* | 0.04 (−0.02, 010) | 0.04 (−0.02, 0.10) | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.08) | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.09) | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.12) | 0.06 (0.00, 0.12) |
| BP3 | 0.05 (−0.02, 0.11) | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.09) | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.09) | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.07) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.06) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.07) | 0.05 (−0.01, 0.12) | 0.04 (−0.02, 0.11) | −0.03 (−0.10, 0.03) | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.06) | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.10) | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.09) |
| BPA | 0.03 (−0.11, 0.18) | 0.00 (−0.14, 0.14) | 0.12 (−0.01, 0.26) | 0.11 (−0.02, 0.26) | 0.09 (−0.04, 0.23) | 0.07 (−0.06, 0.20) | 0.16 (0.02, 0.29)* | 0.16 (0.02, 0.30)* | −0.07 (−0.21, 0.07) | −0.03 (−0.17, 0.11) | 0.10 (−0.04, 0.24) | 0.10 (−0.05, 0.24) |
| triclosan | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.78) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.07) | −0.01 (−0.07, 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.07, 0.04) | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.06) | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.05) | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.03) | −0.02 (0.08, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.06) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.07) | 0.00 (0.05, 0.06) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.05) |
| ethyl paraben | 0.05 (−0.01, 0.12) | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.10) | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.08) | 0.05 (−0.10, 0.11) | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.09) | 0.07 (0.00, 0.13)* | 0.07 (0.01, 0.13)* | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.03) | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.04) | 0.04 (−0.02, 0.11) | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.10) |
| methyl paraben | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.07) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.05) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.04) | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.03) | 0.06 (0.00, 0.12) | 0.05 (−0.01, 0.11) | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.06) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.07) | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.03) | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.04) | 0.00 (−0.07, 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.07, 0.05) |
| propyl paraben | 0.03 (−0.02, 0.08) | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.05) | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.03) | −0.03 (−0.08, 0.02) | 0.00 (−0.04, 0.05) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.06) | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04) | 0.00 (0.05, 0.04) | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.02) | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.03) | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04) | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.04) |
1
Average blood pressure: (SBP + DBP/2)
2
Lipids ratio: TG/HDL-c
Model 1: adjusted for specific gravity only; Model 2: adjusted for specific gravity, sex, age group, puberty status, smoking behavior, alcohol intake behavior, physical activity level, screen time
*
P < 0.05
**
P < 0.01.