Table 5.
Sex-stratified adjusted linear regression of associations between ln-transformed urinary EDCs by metabolic outcomes (N = 344).
| Waist circumference z-score β (95% CI) | Insulin z-score β (95% CI) | Average blood pressure (Tarokh et al., 2019) z-score β (95% CI) | Lipids ratio (Rodriguez et al., 2004) z-score β (95% CI) | Fasting glucose z-score β (95% CI) | MetS risk z-score β (95% CI) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | |
| Σ DEHP | 0.03 (−0.16, 0.21) | 0.15 (−0.02, 0.33) | 0.09 (−0.05, 0.23) | 0.07 (−0.14, 0.27) | 0.01 (−0.17, 0.17) | 0.09 (−0.06, 0.25) | 0.21 (0.04, 0.37)* | 0.04 (−0.15, 0.22) | 0.10 (−0.09, 0.29) | 0.04 (−0.13, 0.21) | 0.16 (−0.02, 0.33) | 0.11 (−0.06, 0.30) |
| MEHP | −0.14 (−0.31, 0.04) | 0.12 (−0.06, 0.31) | 0.03 (−0.10, 0.17) | 0.02 (−0.19, 0.24) | −0.07 (−0.23, 0.10) | 0.08 (−0.09, 0.25) | 0.12 (−0.04, 0.27) | 0.03 (−0.16, 0.23) | 0.03 (−0.15, 0.21) | 0.08 (−0.10, 0.26) | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.18) | 0.10 (−0.09, 0.29) |
| MEHHP | 0.03 (−0.15, 0.21) | 0.14 (−0.02, 0.31) | 0.08 (−0.06, 0.21) | 0.08 (−0.11, 0.27) | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.18) | 0.07 (−0.08, 0.22) | 0.20 (0.05, 0.36)* | 0.04 (−0.14, 0.21) | 0.11 (−0.07, 0.29) | 0.01 (−0.15, 0.16) | 0.15 (−0.02, 0.32) | 0.10 (−0.07, 0.27) |
| MECPP | 0.04 (−0.14, 0.22) | 0.16 (−0.01, 0.33) | 0.11 (−0.03, 0.25) | 0.06 (−0.15, 0.26) | 0.00 (−0.17, 0.17) | 0.11 (−0.04, 0.27) | 0.20 (0.04, 0.36)** | 0.04 (−0.15, 0.22) | 0.11 (−0.08, 0.30) | 0.06 (−0.11, 0.23) | 0.17 (−0.01, 0.34) | 0.13 (−0.05, 0.31) |
| MEOHP | 0.02 (−0.16, 0.20) | 0.10 (−0.06, 0.27) | 0.07 (−0.07, 0.21) | 0.06 (−0.13, 0.25) | 0.00 (−0.17, 0.17) | 0.06 (−0.09, 0.21) | 0.20 (0.04, 0.35)** | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.19) | 0.08 (−0.10, 0.26) | 0.02 (−0.14, 0.18) | 0.13 (−0.04, 0.30) | 0.08 (−0.09, 0.25) |
| Σ DBP | 0.00 (−0.22, 0.22) | −0.04 (−0.22, 0.14) | 0.05 (−0.12, 0.22) | −0.02 (−0.24, 0.19) | 0.11 (−0.10, 0.32) | −0.06 (−0.23, 0.10) | 0.16 (−0.04, 0.35) | −0.01 (−0.20, 0.20) | −0.07 (−0.30, 0.15) | −0.04 (−0.22, 0.14) | 0.06 (−0.16, 0.27) | −0.04 (−0.23, 0.14) |
| MBP | 0.00 (−0.21, 0.21) | −0.05 (−0.23, 0.13) | 0.04 (−0.12, 0.20) | −0.01 (−0.22, 0.20) | 0.11 (−0.09, 0.30) | −0.06 (−0.22, 0.10) | 0.15 (−0.04, 0.33) | 0.00 (−0.19, 0.19) | −0.07 (−0.28, 0.14) | −0.05 (−0.22, 0.13) | 0.05 (−0.15, 0.25) | −0.04 (−0.23, 0.14) |
| MiBP | −0.06 (−0.29, 0.17) | 0.02 (−0.14, 0.18) | −0.04 (−0.21, 0.14) | −0.04 (−0.23, 0.15) | −0.08 (−0.29, 0.13) | −0.06 (−0.20, 0.09) | 0.03 (−0.17, 0.24) | 0.00 (−0.18, 0.17) | −0.08 (−0.31, 0.15) | −0.03 (−0.19, 0.13) | −0.06 (−0.28, 0.16) | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.14) |
| MBzP | −0.04 (−0.23, 0.15) | 0.02 (−0.15, 0.18) | 0.03 (−0.12, 0.19) | −0.08 (−0.27, 0.10) | 0.02 (−0.16, 0.20) | −0.04 (−0.19, 0.10) | 0.04 (−0.13, 0.21) | 0.06 (−0.11, 0.23) | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.19) | −0.08 (−0.23, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.18, 0.20) | −0.04 (−0.20, 0.13) |
| MCNP | −0.11 (−0.19, 0.42) | 0.16 (−0.08, 0.39) | 0.07 (−0.17, 0.32) | 0.05 (−0.23, 0.33) | 0.15 (−0.15, 0.43) | 0.00 (−0.22, 0.20) | 0.19 (−0.08, 0.46) | 0.14 (−0.10, 0.40) | 0.13 (−0.18, 0.43) | 0.17 (−0.06, 0.40) | 0.20 (−0.10, 0.49) | 0.19 (−0.06, 0.43) |
| MCOP | −0.04 (−0.18, 0.25) | 0.15 (−0.01, 0.31) | 0.08 (−0.09, 0.25) | 0.05 (−0.14, 0.24) | 0.02 (−0.18, 0.22) | 0.06 (−0.08, 0.21) | 0.09 (−0.10, 0.28) | 0.09 (−0.08, 0.26) | 0.17 (−0.04, 0.39) | 0.02 (−0.14, 0.18) | 0.14 (−0.07, 0.35) | 0.12 (−0.05, 0.29) |
| MCPP | −0.09 (−0.32, 0.14) | −0.05 (−0.21, 0.12) | −0.01 (−0.19, 0.17) | −0.15 (−0.36, 0.05) | −0.07 (−0.29, 0.14) | −0.05 (−0.21, 0.09) | −0.09 (−0.30, 0.11) | −0.05 (−0.23, 0.13) | −0.02 (−0.25, 0.22) | 0.00 (−0.17, 0.16) | −0.09 (−0.31, 0.14) | −0.10 (−0.27, 0.08) |
| MEP | −0.05 (−0.17, 0.08) | 0.08 (−0.04, 0.19) | −0.02 (−0.11, 0.08) | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.16) | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.15) | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.14) | −0.03 (−0.14, 0.09) | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.21) | −0.01 (−0.14, 0.11) | −0.02 (−0.13, 0.09) | −0.04 (−0.16, 0.09) | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.18) |
| Σ Plastic | 0.02 (−0.17, 0.21) | 0.15 (−0.03, 0.33) | 00.09 (−0.06, 0.24) | 0.05 (−0.16, 0.26) | 0.01 (−0.17, 0.19) | 0.09 (−0.07, 0.25) | 0.22 (−0.05, 0.39)** | 0.04 (−0.15, 0.23) | 0.11 (−0.08, 0.30) | 0.03 (−0.15, 0.20) | 0.16 (−0.02, 0.35) | 0.11 (−0.08, 0.29) |
| Σ AA | −0.01 (−0.23, 0.21) | 0.08 (−0.12, 0.27) | 0.11 (−0.06, 0.28) | 0.02 (−0.21, 0.25) | 0.10 (−0.10, 0.31) | 0.02 (−0.16, 0.20) | 0.27 (0.07, 0.46)** | 0.02 (−0.19, 0.23) | 0.04 (−0.19, 0.26) | −0.02 (−0.21, 0.17) | 0.16 (−0.06, 0.37) | 0.04 (−0.17, 0.24) |
| Σ PCP | −0.06 (−0.23, 0.10) | 0.06 (−0.10, 0.22) | 0.01 (−0.12, 0.14) | 0.01 (−0.17, 0.20) | 0.08 (−0.08, 0.24) | 0.02 (−0.12, 0.16) | 0.11 (−0.12, 0.17) | 0.09 (−0.07, 0.26) | −0.05 (−0.21, 0.12) | 0.00 (−0.15, 0.14) | 0.02 (−0.18, 0.15) | 0.06 (−0.10, 0.22) |
| 2,4 DCP | 0.05 (−0.07, 0.17) | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.17) | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.07) | −0.02 (−0.15, 0.10) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.15) | 0.04 (−0.05, 0.14) | 0.06 (−0.05, 0.17) | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.12) | 0.03 (−0.09, 0.15) | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.13) | 0.05 (−0.07, 0.16) | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.14) |
| 2,5 DCP | 0.05 (−0.05, 0.14) | 0.09 (0.01, 0.18)* | 0.00 (−0.07, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.11) | 0.04 (−0.04, 0.13) | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.14) | 0.07 (−0.02, 0.15) | 0.00 (−0.09, 0.09) | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.13) | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.11) | 0.06 (−0.03, 0.15) | 0.05 (−0.04, 0.14) |
| BP3 | 0.04 (−0.06, 0.14) | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.11) | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.04) | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.14) | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.13) | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.05) | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.12) | 0.04 (−0.05, 0.14) | −0.02 (−012, 0.09) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.07) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.11) | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.12) |
| BPA | −0.05 (−0.27, 0.18) | 0.02 (−0.17, 0.22) | 0.07 (−0.10, 0.25) | 0.15 (−0.08, 0.38) | 0.04 (−0.17, 0.25) | 0.04 (−0.14, 0.22) | 0.03 (−0.17, 0.23) | 0.24 (0.03, 0.44)* | −0.12 (−0.35, 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.18, 0.20) | −0.02 (−0.24, 0.20) | 0.16 (−0.05, 0.36) |
| triclosan | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.07) | 0.04 (−0.04, 0.11) | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.02) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.11) | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.05) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.07) | 0.08 (−0.15, 0.01) | 0.04 (−0.05, 0.12) | 0.00 (−0.08, 0.08) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.09) | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.03) | 0.04 (−0.04, 0.12) |
| ethyl paraben | 0.02 (−0.07, 0.12) | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.12) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.09) | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.13) | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.12) | 0.00 (−0.09, 0.09) | 0.07 (−0.01, 0.16) | 0.05 (−0.05, 0.16) | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.13) | −0.08 (−0.17, 0.02) | 0.06 (−0.04, 0.15) | 0.00 (−0.10, 0.10) |
| methyl paraben | −0.02 (−0.11, 0.07) | 0.00 (−0.08, 0.09) | −0.03 (−0.10, 0.04) | −0.03 (−0.14, 0.07) | 0.07 (−0.02, 0.15) | 0.03 (−0.05, 0.11) | 0.00 (−0.08, 0.08) | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.13) | 0.02 (−0.07, 0.11) | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.04) | 0.00 (−0.10, 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.10, 0.08) |
| propyl paraben | 0.00 (−0.08, 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.09) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.06) | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.04) | 0.05 (−0.03, 0.12) | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.09) | −0.03 (−0.10, 0.05) | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.05) | 0.00 (0.07, 0.08) | 0.00 (−0.08, 0.08) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.05) |
1
Average blood pressure: (SBP + DBP/2)
2
Lipids ratio: TG/HDL-c
All effect estimates from models adjusted for specific gravity, age group, puberty status, smoking behavior, alcohol intake behavior, physical activity level, screen time
*
P < 0.05
**
P < 0.01.