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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Oral Biol. 2023 Aug 1;155:105779. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105779

Table 1:

Means and standard deviations of muscle contractile properties elicited during stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve.

Retrusive Force Data

Rat Group	Maximal Twitch Tension, mN	Contraction Time, ms	Half-Decay Time, ms	Maximal Tetanic Tension, mN
Young Female	283.5 (12.4)^*	10.0 (0.66)^*	37.4 (3.2)	827.2 (54.8)^*
Middle-aged Female	267.3 (31.1)^*	10.3 (0.6)^*	36.7 (2.8)	801.5 (72.3)^*
Young Male	301.2 (15.1)^*	9.4 (0.5)^*	36.0 (1.8)	1013.4 (51.2)^*
Middle-aged Male	308.3 (29.2)^*	9.8 (0.5)^*	36.5 (2.6)	1053.6 (77.7)^*
Protrusive Force Data
Rat Group	Maximal Twitch Tension, mN	Contraction Time, ms	Half-Decay Time, ms	Maximal Tetanic Tension, mN
Young Female	40.3 (3.3)^*	11.6 (0.5)^*	40.2 (1.3)^a	116.0 (5.2)^*
Middle-aged Female	33.5 (3.3)^*	11.2 (0.5)^*	35.1 (1.3)^a	121.1 (5.2)^*
Young Male	43.6 (3.1)^*	10.2 (0.5)^*	35.4 (1.3)^a	150.5 (6.2)^*
Middle-aged Male	47.2 (3.1)^*	10.1 (0.5)^*	34.7 (1.3)^a	159.2 (8.0)^*

^*

indicates a significant (p<.05) difference according to sex.

^a

indicates a significant (p<.05) difference according to age. No age and sex interaction effects reached significance.