TABLE 2:

Previous Large RCTs Studying Bolus Dosing of Supplemental Vitamin D vs. Placebo on Incident Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults (47,49–52)

	Study	Participants/ Duration	Intervention	25 [OH]D Levels	Key Findings
Monthly/4-Monthly	Trivedi DP, et al. BMJ. 2003	Great Britain: Women and men aged 65–85 yrs (n = 2,686) Duration: 5 yrs	Oral vitamin D3 100,000 IU every 4 months	Follow up (4 yrs): 30±8.3 ng/mL in vitamin D group, 21±8.5 ng/mL in placebo group	Reduced any fracture by 22% Reduced fractures at hip, wrist or forearm or vertebrae by 33%
	Vitamin D Assessment Study [VIDA] Khaw K, et al. Lancet Diab Endo. 2017	New Zealand: Women and men aged 50–84 yrs (n = 5,110) Duration: 3.3 yrs	Oral vitamin D3 100,000 lU/month	Baseline: 25+9.6 ng/mL Follow-up (6 months): 52±16.8 ng/mL in vitamin D group and 30+12.4 ng/mL in placebo group	No effect on nonvertebra 1 fractures or falls
	D-Health Trial Waterhouse M, et al. Lancet Diab Endo. 2023	Australia: Adults aged 60–84 years (n=20,326) Duration: 5.1 yrs	Oral vitamin D3 60,000 lU/month	Follow-up (5 yrs): 46.1+12 ng/mL in vitamin D group and 30.8±10 ng/mL in placebo group	No effect on total, nonvertebra 1, or hip fractures; Suggestion of a benefit on total fracture reduction after 3–5 years of follow-up
Annual	Smith H, et al. Rheumatology. 2007	England: Women and men >75 yrs (n = 9,440) Duration: 3 yrs	Intramuscular vitamin D2 300,000 lU/yr	Baseline: 56.5+23.7 ng/mL Follow-up (4 months): 21% increase in the vitamin D group (p = 0.15)	No effect on nonvertebra 1 or wrist fractures or falls Slight increase in hip or femur fractures.
	Sanders KM, et al .JAMA. 2010	Australia: Women >70 yrs at high risk of hip fracture (n=2,256) Duration: 3–5 yrs	Oral vitamin D3 500,000 lU/yr	Baseline: 20 ng/mL Follow up: 48 ng/mL at 1 month, 36 ng/mL at 3 months in the vitamin D group	Increased fractures by 26% and falls by 15% (falls and fractures in 3- month period following bolus dose)