. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Bone Miner Res. 2023 Aug 10;38(10):1391–1403. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4888

TABLE 7.

Mendelian Randomization Studies on Vitamin D Status and All-cause Mortality. (86,132,134–138)

Study	Participants (n)	SNPs	Outcome
Trummer, Clin Chem 2013	Patients requiring cardiac angiography (Germany; n=3,31fj)	4	NS
Afzal, BMJ 2014	Danish adults (n=95,766)	2	HR for 20 nmol/L lower 25(OH)D: 1.19 (1.14–1.25)
Jorde JSBMB 2019	Tromso study (n=6,733)	4	HR: 1.17(1.06–1.29)
Aspelund, Nutrients 2019	3 European cohorts (n=10,501)	4	N5
Meng, Int JEpid 2019	UK Biobank (n=339,256)	143	NS
Emerging risk factors, Lancet 2021	European ancestry (n=67,358)	3–71	Overall: NS but non-linear analysis: significant
Liu, Adv Nutr 2022	Meta analysis of 5 MR studies (n=95,766)	Variable	risk estimate 0.77 (0.62–0.95)