Table 4.
Estimated Variance Components for Random Effects and Odds Ratios for Fixed Effects for Base Models for Clinically Meaningful Improvement and Recovery (N = 1,273)
| Clinically Meaningful Improvement | Recovery | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Random Effects | Estimate | SE | Proportion of Variance | Estimate | SE | Proportion of Variance |
| Therapist, σ2T | 0.068 | 0.112 | 2.032% | 0.00 | 0.062 | 0.00% |
| Fixed Effects | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | [95% CI] | OR | [95% CI] | |
| Age (mean centered) | -- | 1.001 | [0.990, 1.011] | |
| Race (ref.: all other) | ||||
| Native American, Hawaiian, Asian | 0.571 | [0.296, 1.101] | 0.343 | [0.149, 0.789] * |
| Black | -- | 0.665 | [0.484, 0.915] * | |
| Employment (ref.: all other) | ||||
| Retired | 1.697 | [1.213, 2.373] ** | 1.964 | [1.306, 2.953] ** |
| Childhood trauma | 1.234 | [0.968, 1.574] | -- | |
| Index trauma (ref.: all other) | ||||
| Sexual trauma | 1.448 | [0.779, 2.690] | -- | |
| PTSD service connection | 0.823 | [0.646, 1.049] | -- | |
| High baseline psychiatric severity | 1.596 | [1.254, 2.031] *** | 0.438 | [0.341, 0.563] *** |
| Pandemic period (ref.: pre- and during pandemic) | ||||
| Early pandemic | -- | 0.809 | [0.589, 1.110] | |
| Psychiatric disorders other than PTSD | -- | 1.424 | [0.711, 2.851] | |
Note. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder. Race reference group for clinically meaningful improvement = White, Black, Multiracial, and missing; for recovery = White, Multiracial and missing. Employment reference group = employed, unemployed and missing. Index trauma reference group = combat, other trauma, MST, multiple trauma and missing. Bold indicates statistically significant effects.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.