Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants stratified by COMPERA risk score
| Characteristic | N | Overall N = 2,508 | Low risk N = 617 | Intermediate risk N = 1,766 | High risk N = 125 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 2,508 | 49.3 ± 15.9 | 46.3 ± 16.0 | 50.5 ± 15.6 | 47.8 ± 16.3 |
| Sex (Female), n (%) | 2,508 | 1,956 (78.0) | 497 (80.6) | 1,361 (77.1) | 98 (78.4) |
| Race, n (%) | 2,508 | ||||
| White | 1,704 (67.9) | 388 (62.9) | 1,226 (69.4) | 90 (72.0) | |
| Asian | 463 (18.5) | 148 (24.0) | 294 (16.6) | 21 (16.8) | |
| Black | 86 (3.4) | 19 (3.1) | 63 (3.6) | 4 (3.2) | |
| Multiple / Other | 31 (1.2) | 18 (2.9) | 13 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Unknown | 224 (8.9) | 44 (7.1) | 170 (9.6) | 10 (8.0) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 2,508 | ||||
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 2,227 (88.8) | 561 (90.9) | 1,551 (87.8) | 115 (92.0) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 280 (11.2) | 56 (9.1) | 214 (12.1) | 10 (8.0) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m 2 ), mean ± SD | 2,508 | 26.9 ± 5.7 | 26.0 ± 5.0 | 27.2 ± 5.9 | 27.1 ± 5.3 |
| PAH etiology, n (%) | 2,503 | ||||
| Idiopathic | 1,388 (55.5) | 292 (47.5) | 1,013 (57.5) | 83 (66.4) | |
| Associated with connective tissue disease | 776 (31.0) | 233 (37.9) | 509 (28.9) | 34 (27.2) | |
| Associated with congenital heart disease | 181 (7.2) | 56 (9.1) | 122 (6.9) | 3 (2.4) | |
| Drug and toxin-induced | 72 (2.9) | 15 (2.4) | 56 (3.2) | 1 (0.8) | |
| Heritable/familial | 56 (2.2) | 13 (2.1) | 40 (2.3) | 3 (2.4) | |
| Associated with HIV infection | 30 (1.2) | 6 (1.0) | 23 (1.3) | 1 (0.8) | |
| Background PAH therapy, n (%) | 2,508 | ||||
| None | 1,348 (53.7) | 344 (55.8) | 946 (53.6) | 58 (46.4) | |
| Phosphodiesterase type 5 | 736 (29.3) | 184 (29.8) | 510 (28.9) | 42 (33.6) | |
| inhibitor alone | |||||
| Phosphodiesterase type 5 | 227 (9.1) | 43 (7.0) | 171 (9.7) | 13 (10.4) | |
| inhibitor and Endothelin receptor | |||||
| antagonist | |||||
| Endothelin receptor antagonist alone | 156 (6.2) | 33 (5.3) | 113 (6.4) | 10 (8.0) | |
| Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor and Prostacyclin analogue | 24 (1.0) | 9 (1.5) | 13 (0.7) | 2 (1.6) | |
| Prostacyclin analogue alone | 17 (0.7) | 4 (0.6) | 13 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| WHO functional class, n (%) | 2,507 | ||||
| I | 10 (0.4) | 5 (0.8) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| II | 1,110 (44.3) | 485 (78.6) | 622 (35.2) | 3 (2.4) | |
| III | 1,361 (54.3) | 127 (20.6) | 1,125 (63.7) | 109 (87.9) | |
| IV | 26 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (0.8) | 12 (9.7) | |
| Six-minute walk distance (m), mean ± SD | 2,506 | 353.3 ± 89.5 | 400.0 ± 78.2 | 342.5 ± 84.7 | 275.0 ± 103.5 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 1,744 | 365 [208, 1,750] | 156 [81, 268] | 939 [365, 1,924] | 2,527 [1,880, 3,486] |
| Mean right atrial pressure (mmHg), median [IQR] | 2,332 | 8.0 [5.0, 11.0] | 5.0 [4.0, 7.0] | 8.0 [6.0, 12.0] | 16.0 [15.0, 20.0] |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg), median [IQR] | 2,503 | 51 [41, 60] | 44 [36, 54] | 52 [43, 62] | 58 [51, 65] |
| Cardiac output (L/min), median [IQR] | 2,423 | 4.2 [3.4, 5.1] | 5.0 [4.4, 6.0] | 4.0 [3.2, 4.8] | 2.9 [2.4, 3.4] |
| Cardi ac index (L/min/m 2 ), median [IQR] | 2,431 | 2.4 [1.9, 2.9] | 2.9 [2.6, 3.4] | 2.2 [1.9, 2.6] | 1.7 [1.4, 1.9] |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance (Wood units), median [IQR] | 2,445 | 10 [7, 14] | 7 [5, 9] | 11 [7, 15] | 17 [13, 21] |
| Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (mmHg), median [IQR] | 2,387 | 9.0 [7.0, 12.0] | 9.0 [6.0, 11.0] | 10.0 [7.0, 12.0] | 10.0 [7.0, 11.5] |
| Treatment assignment | 2,508 | ||||
| Experimental | 1,372 (54.7) | 326 (52.8) | 982 (55.6) | 64 (51.2) | |
| Control | 1,136 (45.3) | 291 (47.2) | 784 (44.4) | 61 (48.8) |