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. 2023 Oct 20;9:e44155. doi: 10.2196/44155

Table 2.

General outcome measures at baseline and after 3 and 6 months in patientsa recovering from COVID-19 receiving primary allied health care in a Dutch prospective cohort study.

General outcome measures Baseline (T0) 3 months (T1) 6 months (T2)
Participation

Sample population, n/N (%) 1271/1451 (87.6) 945/1451 (65.1) 921/1451 (63.5)

USER-Pb frequencies subscale score, mean (SD) 27.5 (10.3) 30.5 (10.5) 31.3 (10.1)

USER-P restrictions subscale score, mean (SD) 65.8 (20.1) 73.6 (19.4) 77.3 (19.8)

USER-P satisfaction subscale score, mean (SD) 48.6 (17.8) 54.8 (19.5) 58.1 (19.9)
HRQoLc

Sample population, n/N (%) 1289/1451 (88.8) 954/1451 (65.7) 932/1451 (64.2)

EQ-VASd score, mean (SD) 55.5 (17.8) 64.3 (18.2) 67.4 (19.1)
Fatigue

Sample population, n/N (%) 1281/1451 (88.3) 951/1451 (65.5) 929/1451 (64.0)

FSSe score, mean (SD) 5.6 (1.0) 5.2 (1.2) 4.9 (1.3)

≥4 points, n (%) 1205 (94.1) 815 (85.7) 742 (79.9)
Physical functioning

Sample population, n/N (%) 1279/1451 (88.1) 951/1451 (65.5) 929/1451 (64.0)

PROMIS-PF-10bf score, mean (SD) 37.7 (6.0) 41.5 (7.6) 43.5 (8.50)

100% impaired, limited, or restricted, n (%) 2 (0.2) 2 (0.2) 140 (15.1)

80%-99% impaired, limited, or restricted, n (%) 427 (33.4) 176 (18.5) 211 (22.7)

60%-79% impaired, limited, or restricted, n (%) 452 (35.3) 276 (29.0) 202 (21.7)

40%-59% impaired, limited, or restricted, n (%) 259 (20.3) 227 (23.9) 157 (16.9)

20%-39% impaired, limited, or restricted, n (%) 97 (7.6) 133 (14.0) 150 (16.1)

1%-19% impaired, limited, or restricted, n (%) 39 (3.0) 95 (10.0) 72 (7.8)

0% impaired, limited, or restricted, n (%) 4 (0.3) 42 (4.4) 140 (15.1)
Psychological well-beingg (anxiety)

Sample population, n/N (%) 1271/1451 (87.6) N/Ah 926/1451 (63.8)

HADSi anxiety score, mean (SD) 7.1 (4.5) N/A 6.3 (4.7)

≤7 points, n (%) 746 (58.7) N/A 613 (66.2)

8-10 points, n (%) 233 (18.3) N/A 143 (15.4)

≥11 points, n (%) 292 (23.0) N/A 170 (18.4)
Psychological well-being (depression)

Sample population, n/N (%) 1271/1451 (87.6) N/A 926/1451 (63.8)

HADS depression score, mean (SD) 7.3 (4.2) N/A 5.7 (4.3)

≤7 points, n (%) 689 (54.2) N/A 638 (68.9)

8-10 points, n (%) 297 (23.4) N/A 151 (16.3)

≥11 points, n (%) 285 (22.4) N/A 137 (14.8)

aData were not fully available for all patients.

bUSER-P: Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation—Participation.

cHRQoL: health-related quality of life.

dEQ-VAS: EuroQol Visual Analog Scale.

eFSS: Fatigue Severity Scale.

fPROMIS-PF-10b: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Functioning Short Form 10b.

gPsychological well-being was only assessed at baseline (T0) and at 6 months (T2).

hN/A: not applicable.

iHADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.