. 2023 Oct 20;9:e44155. doi: 10.2196/44155

Table 3.

Results of linear mixed model analysis for the outcome measures participation, HRQoL^a, fatigue, physical functioning, and psychological well-being in patients recovering from COVID-19 receiving primary allied health care in a Dutch prospective cohort study.

General outcome measures			Baseline (T0), mean (SE)		3 months (T1), mean (SE)		6 months (T2), mean (SE)		At 3 months						At 6 months
										Estimate (95% CI)			P value			Estimate (95% CI)			P value
Participation
	USER-P^b frequencies subscale	27.5 (0.3)		30.5 (0.3)		31.5 (0.3)		2.9 (2.3 to 3.7)			<.001			3.9 (3.3 to 4.7)			<.001
	USER-P restrictions subscale	64.6 (0.6)		73.7 (0.6)		77.6 (0.6)		9.1 (7.9 to 10.3)			<.001			13.0 (11.8 to 14.2)			<.001
	USER-P satisfaction subscale	48.7 (0.5)		54.7 (0.6)		58.4 (0.6)		5.9 (4.8 to 7.2)			<.001			9.7 (8.5 to 10.9)			<.001
HRQoL (EQ-VAS^c score)			55.6 (0.5)		64.6 (0.6)		67.9 (0.7)		9.0 (7.8 to 10.2)			<.001		12.3 (11.1 to 13.6)				<.001
Fatigue (FSS^d score)			5.6 (0.03)		5.2 (0.04)		4.9 (0.04)		–0.4 (–0.5 to –0.4)			<.001		–0.7 (–0.8 to –0.6)				<.001
Physical functioning (PROMIS-PF-10b^e score)			37.7 (0.2)		41.6 (0.2)		43.7 (0.2)		3.9 (3.5 to 4.3)			<.001		5.9 (5.6 to 6.4)				<.001
Psychological well-being^f
	HADS^g anxiety score	7.1 (0.1)		N/A^h		6.3 (0.1)		N/A			N/A			–0.8 (–1.0 to –0.5)			<.001
	HADS depression score	7.3 (0.1)		N/A		5.7 (0.1)		N/A			N/A			–1.6 (–1.8 to –1.3)			<.001

^aHRQoL: health-related quality of life.

^bUSER-P: Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation—Participation.

^cEQ-VAS: EuroQol Visual Analog Scale.

^dFSS: Fatigue Severity Scale.

^ePROMIS-PF-10b: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Functioning Short Form 10b.

^fPsychological well-being was only assessed at baseline (T0) and at 6 months (T2).

^gHADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

^hN/A: not applicable.