Figure 4.

Branch length estimates from many methods are affected by missing light chains. A) Schematic of simulation strategy. Heavy chains were simulated with approximately twice as many mutations as light chains. For single cell (SC) data, heavy and light (H+L) sequences were retained for all three tips. For mixed single cell and bulk (SC+bulk) data, the light chain of tip B was removed. B) For each replicate, branch lengths were estimated using different methods and compared to the true branch length. In SC+bulk data, most methods incorrectly estimated the length of branch 3, which immediately precedes tip B.