Table 2.
Bi-directional causal estimates between snoring and Alzheimer’s disease
| Snoring → AD (Univariate MR) | AD → Snoring (Univariate MR) | AD → Snoring (Multivariable MR) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p |
| IVW | 0.838 (0.387 to 1.817) | 0.655 | 0.998 (0.995 to 1.001) | 0.114 | 1.002 (0.994 to 1.011) | 0.616 |
| MR-Egger | 23.829 (0.255 to 2223.326) | 0.181 | 0.994 (0.990 to 0.998) | 0.004 | 1.004 (0.995 to 1.013) | 0.362 |
| WME | 1.144 (0.357 to 3.667) | 0.821 | 0.995 (0.991 to 0.999) | 0.013 | 1.000 (0.993 to 1.008) | 0.912 |
| WMBE | 1.230 (0.147 to 10.268) | 0.850 | 0.996 (0.992 to 0.999) | 0.031 | 1.009 (0.997 to 1.021) | 0.132 |
| Diagnostics | Estimate | p | Estimate | p | Estimate | p |
| F-statistic | 40.9 | NA | 105.2 | NA | 13.2 | NA |
| Cochran’s Q | 40.6 | 0.095 | 32.9 | 0.282 | 252.1 | 6.04×10−19 |
| MR-Egger Intercept | −0.025 | 0.151 | 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.031 |
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; MR, Mendelian randomization; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IVW, inverse variance weighted; WME, Weighted Median Estimator; WMBE, Weighted Mode Based Estimator; NA, not applicable.