Table 4.
Summary statistics for all task-related variables.
| Panel A. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guessing Condition | Healthy Comparisons (N = 59) | Anxiety (N = 4) | Depression (N = 26) | Depression + Anxiety (N = 88) | Eating Disorder (N = 22) | Substance Use Disorder (N = 84) | p-value* |
| Number of taps | 60.41 (24.64) | 62.5 (49.62) | 54.69 (34.79) | 64.63 (30.49) | 59.04 (25.32) | 74.95 (51.32) | .095 |
| Number of heartbeats | 66.81 (11.60) | 69.75 (2.5) | 55.31 (11.07) | 59.51 (15.13) | 60.88 (22.18) | 49.71 (15.31) | .345 |
| Self-reported difficulty | 58.86 (25.42) | 77.50 (1.73) | 55.31 (29.42) | 59.51 (25.07) | 60.88 (27.12) | 49.71 (28.45) | .072 |
| Self-reported confidence | 38.76 (23.87) | 28.00 (6.83) | 37.77 (18.63) | 33.83 (28.89) | 26.13 (18.35) | 38.75 (22.74) | .116 |
| Self-reported intensity | 29.46 (22.20) | 16.00 (23.04) | 25.81 (22.25) | 24.59 (20.99) | 17.54 (17.08) | 28.46 (23.56) | .202 |
| Counting accuracy | 0.74 (0.24) | 0.51 (0.39) | 0.59 (0.29) | 0.62 (0.61) | 0.70 (0.25) | 0.45 (0.95) | .173 |
| Panel B. | |||||||
| No-Guessing Condition | Healthy Comparisons (N = 59) | Anxiety (N = 4) | Depression (N = 26) | Depression + Anxiety (N = 88) | Eating Disorder (N = 22) | Substance Use Disorder (N = 83) | p-value |
| Number of taps | 24.34 (26.79) | 15.50 (14.82) | 21.46 (22.17) | 21.15 (24.42) | 24.88 (21.32) | 24.98 (26.97) | .885 |
| Number of heartbeats | 65.59 (10.86) | 68.50 (2.38) | 67.15 (14.39) | 69.44 (16.32) | 63.46 (22.68) | 66.86 (17.89) | .610 |
| Self-reported difficulty | 65.85 (29.42) | 70.75 (39.23) | 63.96 (34.39) | 68.06 (24.00) | 61.21 (28.90) | 62.02 (29.18) | .757 |
| Self-reported confidence | 38.24 (28.38) | 27.25 (19.26) | 27.85 (29.71) | 39.77 (28.85) | 29.33 (24.54) | 39.77 (28.71) | .213 |
| Self-reported intensity | 22.80 (23.36) | 14.50 (23.69) | 23.73 (25.04) | 22.68 (23.46) | 26.21 (23.43) | 24.21 (21.73) | .946 |
| Counting accuracy | 0.31 (0.29) | 0.22 (0.20) | 0.31 (0.29) | 0.10 om | 0.37 (0.33) | 0.32 (0.33) | .683 |
| Panel C. | |||||||
| Breath Hold Condition | Healthy Comparisons (N = 59) | Anxiety (N = 4) | Depression (N = 26) | Depression + Anxiety (N = 87) | Eating Disorder (N = 24) | Substance Use Disorder (N = 82) | p-value |
| Number of taps | 29.47 (26.97) | 17.75 (15.44) | 23.81 (24.26) | 24.16 (22.49) | 23.04 (22.13) | 24.39 (22.35) | .711 |
| Number of heartbeats | 69.86 (13.00) | 72.50 (3.87) | 71.04 (11.32) | 69.35 (17.39) | 68.88 (1111) | 68.52 (20.51) | .983 |
| Self-reported difficulty | 51.14 (28.14) | 47.50 (35.01) | 51.96 (32.50) | 57.84 (27.33) | 61.17 (24.07) | 54.68 (28.01) | .582 |
| Self-reported confidence | 48.05 (26.97) | 22.25 (6.24) | 32.69 (27.24) | 43.49 (25.00) | 31.29 (18.41) | 47.68 (26.98) | .006 |
| Self-reported intensity | 42.61 (29.81) | 36.50 (22.99) | 37.69 (30.64) | 38.51 (26.06) | 33.87 (27.89) | 38.76 (28.66) | .869 |
| Counting accuracy | 0.37 (0.30) | 0.25 (0.22) | 0.33 (0.33) | 0.27 (0.48) | 0.34 (0.31) | 0.32 (0.31) | .648 |
| Panel D. | |||||||
| Tone Condition | Healthy Comparisons (N = 59) | Anxiety (N = 4) | Depression (N = 26) | Depression + Anxiety (N = 88) | Eating Disorder (N = 24) | Substance Use Disorder (N = 84) | p-value |
| Number of taps | 77.73 (0.74) | 78.00 (0.00) | 77.77 (0.65) | 78.10 (0.84) | 78.17 (0.38) | 78.10 (0.87) | .024 * |
| Number of heartbeats | 67.75 (11.31) | 71.00 (3.56) | 70.08 (11.19) | 71.35 (15.77) | 64.21 (22.83) | 68.50 (15.74) | .399 |
| Self-reported difficulty | 25.54 (21.77) | 25.25 (18.89) | 22.85 (23.76) | 28.01 (22.98) | 22.29 (16.29) | 28.15 (24.94) | .790 |
| Self-reported confidence | 76.54 (21.13) | 84.00 (10.92) | 76.23 (18.05) | 71.98 (18.38) | 76.75 (14.76) | 70.67 (20.95) | .297 |
| Self-reported intensity | 84.68 (17.41) | 88.00 (7.87) | 82.54 (17.96) | 82.32 (16.60) | 85.79 (13.36) | 78.14 (18.71) | .201 |
| Counting accuracy | 1.00 (0.01) | 1.00 (0) | 1.00 (0.01) | 0.99 (0.01) | 1.00 (0) | 0.99 (0.01) | .310 |
*
p-values correspond to the results of ANOVAs comparing the groups (i.e., not including all task conditions within the analysis as reported in the main text).
*
Note that, while significant, this reflects differences of less than one tap.