Table 4.

Retention in care among 9949 youth receiving treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Characteristic	Adjusted^a	HR (95% CI)

	Attrition from Any Treatment^b,c (n = 9,949)	Attrition from Behavioral Health Services^b (n = 9,531)

*Sociodemographic characteristics*
Age ≥18 years	1.41 (1.34, 1.49)	1.41 (1.33, 1.48)
Male sex	1.13 (1.08, 1.19)	1.13 (1.07, 1.19)
Non-Hispanic white	0.99 (0.95, 1.04)	0.99 (0.95, 1.04)
Capitated payment model	0.82 (0.78, 0.86)	0.81 (0.77, 0.86)

*Clinical characteristics*
Location of diagnosis
Emergency department	Reference	Reference
Inpatient	1.17 (1.00, 1.36)	1.16 (0.99, 1.36)
Outpatient	0.88 (0.77, 1.01)	0.92 (0.79, 1.06)
Pregnancy^d	1.11 (1.02, 1.21)	1.10 (1.01, 1.20)
Comorbid behavioral health diagnosis (depression, anxiety, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)^d	0.83 (0.79, 0.88)	0.84 (0.79, 0.89)
Nicotine use^d	0.96 (0.91, 1.01)	0.96 (0.91, 1.01)
Cannabis use^d	0.99 (0.94, 1.04)	0.98 (0.93, 1.03)
Other substance use^d	1.00 (0.95, 1.05)	1.01 (0.96, 1.06)
Year of diagnosis
2014	Reference	Reference
2015	1.07 (0.99, 1.16)	1.07 (0.99, 1.16)
2016	1.07 (0.99, 1.15)	1.05 (0.97, 1.14)
2017	0.92 (0.85, 1.00)	0.91 (0.83, 1.00)
2018	1.09 (1.00, 1.19)	1.08 (0.99, 1.18)
2019	0.74 (0.66, 0.82)	0.73 (0.65, 0.80)

*Treatment received*
Higher level of behavioral health services^e within 3 months of initiating episode of care	0.86 (0.82, 0.91)	0.87 (0.82, 0.92)
Received timely AUD medication within 30 days of diagnosis
No medication	Reference	Reference
Any medication	0.85 (0.72, 1.01)	0.95 (0.79, 1.13)

^a.

Multivariable models included all covariates listed in table

^b.

Attrition defined as ≥60 days without any claims for behavioral health services or AUD medications

^c.

Includes receipt of any behavioral health services or AUD medications

^d.

Within one month after or during the three months prior to receiving AUD diagnosis

^e.

Includes intensive outpatient treatment, partial hospitalization, residential care, or inpatient care