Figure 1: Task organization and behavioral findings.

A) Stereotyped interactions with handheld controller to elicit or respond to task events (top). Order and duration of task events (bottom). Dashed cyan-magenta line indicates that either the left (L, cyan) or right (R, magenta) movements are possible responses. B) (Top, left) All five auditory stimuli are presented in the unpatterned context while in the patterned context only the neutral tone stimulus (262Hz) is presented. Controllers depict possible correct choices for each tone: left for low pitch tones, right for high pitch tones, and either for the neutral tone. (Top, right) Probability of reward for a block of patterned or unpatterned trials following a left-sided response for each tone under the relevant contexts. Point represented by both magenta and cyan represent evenly split probability for leftward and rightward responses. (Bottom) Interleaved U (unpatterned) and P (patterned) block structure of a typical session. During unpatterned blocks, presented stimuli include all tones with an equal proportion of L and R correct responses. During patterned blocks, only the 262Hz tone is presented and the rewarded side is fixed for the duration of the block. Note that left and right-sided responses are equally represented for both contexts across the entire session. C) Schematized representation of trial-by-trial comparison between unpatterned and patterned blocks. D) Task performance predicted to be enhanced during the patterned context relative to unpatterned. E) Within-session comparison of mean speed of response (i.e., time from go-tone until response detected) for U and P trials. Speed was significantly greater for P, as expected (p = 0.0092, 1-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test (paired)). F) As in E, percent of trials correct significantly greater in P trials than U trials (p = 0.0173, 1-tailed two-sample t-test (paired))