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. 2023 Oct 5;3(5):535–547. doi: 10.1007/s43657-023-00124-y

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

The relationship among environmental factors, oral microbiota, oral microenvironment and host health. Environmental factors like diet and smoke could alter oral microbiota composition, abundance and metabolic activity as well as oral microenvironment including pH, oxygen concentration; the oral microbiota interact with oral microenvironment, and they collaboratively impact host health