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. 2023 Oct 23;14:6704. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42523-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — AEDII, Anti-Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index; AHEI-2010, Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010; AMED, Alternate Mediterranean Diet score; AMD, age related macular degeneration; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HPDI, Healthful Plant-based Diet Index. The incidence refers to the number of event cases per 1000 person-years. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine associations of each of the four dietary scores with the risk of individual other chronic diseases. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and total energy intake; Model 2 was adjusted for Model 1 plus ethnicity, education, income, BMI, smoking, sleep, physical activity, and GRS for longevity. Dietary scores were analyzed as continuous variables (each quintile increment). The analysis for prostate disorders was conducted among men only. The vertical dash lines represent the hazard ratio of 1. Squares represent the hazard ratios (black color for AMED, orange color for AEDII, blue color for AHEI-2010, and green color for HPDI). Horizontal lines indicate the range of the 95% confidence interval. *Indicates a significant association through two-sided statistical tests while controlling for FDR.