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. 2023 Oct 23;14:6699. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42360-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Protein-protein interactions of enhanced kinases common to lenvatinib-resistant PLC/PRF/5 and Huh7 cells was generated using the STRING database. Lines are colored according to the type of association between the indicated proteins (see legend). b Reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation demonstrated the interaction between endogenous CDK6 and GSK3β in high CDK6-expressing MHCC-97L and Hep3B cells and lenvatinib-resistant cells (n = 2 independent experiments). c Kinase assay using recombinant human CDK6 (rhCDK6) and GSK3β (rhGSK3β) confirmed that GSK3β as a direct substrate of CDK6, as evidenced by the phosphorylation of GSK3β at serine 9 (n = 2 independent experiments). d In a lenvatinib-resistant PLC/PRF/5-derived tumor (n = 1) and HCC clinical tumor specimen (case 61, n = 1), colocalization between CDK6 and GSK3β was observed in HCC cells. CDK6 staining (green), GSK3β staining (red), and DAPI staining (blue). Scale bar = 25 μm. e Western blot analysis of GSK3β, p-GSK3β(Ser9) and β-catenin was performed in CDK6-knockdown and CDK6-overexpressing HCC cells. β-actin was used as a normalization control (n = 3 independent experiments). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.