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. 2023 Oct 23;14:6707. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42548-0

Fig. 4. Outdoor experiments.

Fig. 4

a The outdoor radiative cooling experimental setup under direct sunlight. b Temperature variations of the sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) photonic film (only radiative cooling). The right y-axis plots the theoretical estimated radiative cooling power. c Schematic exhibiting the experimental setup of measuring the temperature drop and power of evaporative cooling. d Temperature reduction of the PAAS photonic film (only evaporative cooling). e Mass change of the PAAS photonic film during the evaporative cooling experiment. f Temperature and evaporative cooling power variations. g The setup of the outdoor hybrid cooling experiment. h Temperature variations of the roof shingle, PDMS (T), PAAS photonic film (wet), and PAAS (dry) film samples. Insets are photos of the sky in different weather conditions. The red arrow points out the maximum temperature of the shingle sample.