Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Sleep Characteristics of the Participants
| Characteristic | Patients, n = 38 |
Control Subjects, n = 38 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unmedicated | 7-Day Medicated | ||
| Age, Years, Mean ± SD | 31.3 ± 10.2 | – | 31.6 ± 10.4 |
| Gender Ratio, Female/Male, n | 18/20 | – | 21/17 |
| HAM-D, Mean ± SD | 19.9 ± 3.8 | 15.2 ± 4.8 | – |
| No. of Previous Depressive Episodes, Mean ± SD | 1.76 ± 3.0 | – | – |
| Sleep Stages, Minutes (%) | |||
| N1 | 52.38 (12.4%) | 62.53 (15.0%) | 52.34 (12.4%) |
| N2 | 186.51 (44.1%) | 201.03 (48.0%) | 195.11 (46.2%) |
| N3 | 76.64 (18.4%) | 70.74 (17.2%) | 82.96 (19.9%) |
| REM | 68.93 (16.3%) | 49.54 (11.8%)b,c | 69.34 (16.3%) |
| WASO | 37.83 (8.8%)a | 33.28 (8.0%)b | 21.82 (5.2%) |
| Total Non-REM Sleep Time, Minutes (%) | 263.16 (68.2%) | 271.76 (70.6%) | 278.07 (69.7%) |
| Total Sleep Time, Minutes, Mean ± SD | 384.47 ± 40.0 | 383.83 ± 38.8 | 399.75 ± 39.4 |
| Sleep Onset, Minutes, Mean ± SD | 24.1 ± 30.8 | 20.9 ± 13.8 | 15.7 ± 9.6 |
| N3 Onset, Minutes, Mean ± SD | 24.91 ± 24.0 | 24.14 ± 19.8 | 18.21 ± 8.4 |
| REM Onset, Minutes, Mean ± SD | 98.61 ± 52.6 | 157.63 ± 79.6b,c | 85.41 ± 34.8 |
Sleep stage percentages are given with respect to total sleep time. Non-REM sleep was defined as the combination of stages N2 and N3 without N1 sleep.
HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; REM, rapid eye movement; WASO, wakefulness after sleep onset.
a
Significant difference between control subjects and unmedicated patients.
b
Significant difference between control subjects and medicated patients.
c
Significant difference between the unmedicated and medicated states of the patients.