Table 3.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the P-HCP Patient, Relative, and Control Groups
| Characteristic | Patient, n = 118 | Relative, n = 71 | Control, n = 45 | Statistical Testing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Years | 38.7 (13.3) | 44.5 (14.3) | 37.3 (12.3) |
F2,231 = 6.9a Patient < relativeb |
| Males, n (%) | 67 (56.8%) | 25 (35.2%) | 24 (53.3%) | χ22 = 8.6a Patient > relativea |
| Raced: Black/Other/White, % | 16.1%/13.6%/70.3% | 2.8%/5.6%/91.5% | 6.7%/6.7%/86.7% | χ24 = 14.5c Patient ≠ relativec |
| Parental Educatione | 5.1 (1.1) | 5.3 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.4) | n.s. |
| Handednessf | 59.0 (46.5) | 66.6 (45.3) | 67.2 (36.8) | n.s. |
| Mean RMS Movement, mm | 0.13 (0.06) | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.09 (0.05) |
F2,231 = 8.0b Patient > relativec, patient > controlc |
| CPZ Equivalent | 4.3 (5.0) | – | – | – |
| DAST Total Score | 1.8 (1.5) | 1.5 (1.1) | 1.2 (0.6) |
F2,225 = 4.3a Patient > controla |
| WRAT-IV WR | 102.4 (14.0) | 102.3 (12.2) | 109.2 (12.9) |
F2,231 = 4.9c Patient < controla, relative < controla |
| FSIQ-2 | 98.0 (11.3) | 102.4 (10.9) | 106.7 (11.6) |
F2,230 = 10.6b Patient < relativeb, patient < controla |
| BACS z Score | −0.73 (0.71) | −0.01 (0.73) | 0.26 (0.66) |
F2,231 = 42.7b Patient < relativeb, patient < controlb |
| BPRS Total Score | 45.8 (12.4) | 31.7 (5.9) | 27.4 (4.0) |
F2,231 = 81.7b Patient > relativeb, patient > controlb, relative > controla |
| SPQ Positive | 12.1 (7.5) | 3.6 (5.2) | 1.6 (2.9) |
F2,231 = 68.2b Patient > relativeb, patient > controlb |
| SPQ Disorganized | 7.0 (4.5) | 3.7 (3.6) | 1.9 (2.6) |
F2,231 = 32.7b Patient > relativeb, patient > controlb, relative > controla |
| SPQ Negative | 13.9 (7.2) | 7.2 (6.1) | 4.2 (4.8) |
F2,231 = 45.5b Patient > relativeb, patient > controlb, relative > controla |
| PID5 Psychoticism | 37.3 (20.1) | 12.2 (12.7) | 9.2 (9.7) |
F2,226 = 73.0b Patient > relativeb, patient > controlb |
| SIS PLEsg | – | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.4) | t95.5 = 2.6a |
| SAPS Total Scoreh | 17.3 (16.3) | – | – | – |
| SANS Total Scoreh | 27.9 (16.8) | – | – | – |
Values are presented as mean (SD), %, or n (%). p Values were not corrected for multiple comparisons. Follow-up tests were based on Tukey’s honestly significant difference test (for F tests) or Bonferroni correction (for χ2 tests).
BACS, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CPZ, chlorpromazine; DAST, Drug Abuse Screen Test; FSIQ-2, Full Scale IQ estimated with the Similarities and Matrix Reasoning subtests of the WAIS-IV; GED, general educational development; n.s., not significant; PID5, Personality Inventory for DSM-5; PLEs, psychotic-like experiences; P-HCP, psychosis Human Connectome Project; RMS, root mean square; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SAPS, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms; SIS, Structured Interview for Schizotypy; SPQ, Schizotypy Personality Questionnaire; WRAT-IV WR: Wide Range Achievement Test, 4th ed, Word Reading.
p < .05.
p < .001.
p < .01.
Race: the “Other” category included American Indian or Alaskan Native; Asian or Pacific Islander; Hispanic; other; and unknown or unreported.
Parental education scores: 1 is 7th grade or less; 2 is between 7th and 9th grades; 3 is between 10th and 12th grades; 4 is high school graduate/GED; 5 is partial college; 6 is college graduate; and 7 is graduate degree.
Handedness: Edinburgh Handedness Scale.
Only completed by relatives and control subjects.
Only completed by patients.