Table 6.
Estimated parameters for 4-variable chained mediation multilevel models, as schematized in Fig. 1d, assessing the effect of screen time on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms through multiple chained mediators.
| Predictors | Multiple chained mediators | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Response inhibition on impulsivity | Working memory on impulsivity | |||||||
| Estimate | Std. Er | Pr( >|t|) | 95% CI | Estimate | Std. Er | Pr( >|t|) | 95% CI | |
| Social media use predicting ADHD symptoms through chained mediators | ||||||||
| Between-person | 0.022 | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.007, 0.038 | 0.024 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.011, 0.037 |
| Within-person | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.013 | 0.000, 0.001* | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.130 | 0.000, 0.001 |
| Lagged-within-person | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.485 | 0.000, 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.120 | 0.000, 0.000 |
| Television viewing predicting ADHD symptoms through chained mediators | ||||||||
| Between-person | 0.015 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.004, 0.027 | 0.015 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.003, 0.026 |
| Within-person | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.425 | − 0.001, 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.100 | 0.000, 0.001 |
| Lagged-within-person | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.435 | 0.000, 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.435 | 0.000, 0.000 |
| Video gaming predicting ADHD symptoms through chained mediators | ||||||||
| Between-person | 0.009 | 0.005 | 0.015 | 0.000, 0.020 | 0.021 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.010, 0.033 |
| Within-person | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.070 | 0.000, 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.250 | 0.000, 0.000 |
| Lagged-within-person | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.490 | 0.000, 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.290 | 0.000, 0.000 |
The significant between- and within-person associations are highlighted in boldface (p < 0.050, one-tailed p-value). *CI does not include/cross zero.