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. 2023 Oct 23;13:18119. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43567-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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IPA-based toxicity pathway enrichment analysis of dehydration and cyclosporine. Both dehydration (blue) and cyclosporine (red) DEP cohorts demonstrate renal injury pathways through distinct proteomic cell signalling responses. Cyclosporine exposure is significantly associated to renal toxicity-induced injury pathways while dehydration is linked to renal damage/injury without a toxicity link.