Table 1.
Neonatal outcomes for infants with prenatal opioid exposures born during episodes of perinatal incarceration at a Southeastern women’s prison, 2016–2019.
| p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever documented difficulty with ESC | 54 (43%) | 3 (5.6%) | 33 (97%) | 12 (80%) | 6 (27%) | <0.001 |
| Ever treated with medication for NOWS | 27 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 20 (59%) | 7 (47%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| Any NOWS intervention after parental discharge (Cesarean, POD#5–10) | 10 (32%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (90%) | 1 (33%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| Any NOWS intervention after parental discharge (Vaginal birth, PPD#3–10) | 28 (31%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (75%) | 7 (58%) | 3 (23%) | <0.001 |
| Total number of days documented difficulty with ESC | (n=54) | (n=3) | (n=33) | (n=12) | (n=6) | 0.085 |
| Mean (SD) | 11 (10) | 2 (2) | 13 (10) | 11 (9) | 4 (5) | |
| Median (IQR) | 8 (4, 15) | 1 (1, 3) | 9 (6, 19) | 10 (4, 16) | 3 (2, 4) | |
| Range | 1, 36 | 1, 5 | 2, 36 | 1, 33 | 1, 14 | |
| Total number of days treated with medication for NOWS | (n=27) | (n=0) | (n=20) | (n=7) | (n=0) | 0.2 |
| Mean (SD) | 11 (10) | – | 13 (11) | 7 (7) | – | |
| Median (IQR) | 9 (4, 16) | – | 12 (6, 16) | 5 (2, 10) | – | |
| Range | 1, 38 | – | 1, 38 | 1, 19 | – | |
| Hospital Length of Stay | <0.001 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 9 (9) | 4 (2) | 15 (11) | 12 (10) | 9 (10) | |
| Median (IQR) | 5 (3, 10) | 3 (2, 5) | 14 (6, 22) | 9 (4, 18) | 5 (4, 7) | |
| Range | 2, 43 | 2, 13 | 3, 40 | 3, 37 | 2, 43 | |
| Discharge plans | 0.3 | |||||
| Birthing parent (N, %) | 5 (4.1%) | 1 (1.9%) | 4 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Other parent (N, %) | 11 (8.9%) | 6 (11%) | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (6.7%) | 1 (4.8%) | |
| Friends or other family (N, %) | 74 (60%) | 35 (65%) | 19 (58%) | 10 (67%) | 10 (48%) | |
| Foster care (N, %) | 32 (26%) | 12 (22%) | 7 (21%) | 4 (27%) | 9 (43%) | |
| Adoption (N, %) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.8%) |
Notes: ESC = Eat/Sleep/Console; NAS = Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; POD = post-operative day; PPD = post-partum day. POD#5–10 and PPD#3–10 are after typical parental hospital discharge to the prison after cesarean and vaginal birth, respectively. P-values <0.007 are statistically significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.