Table 1.
Sociodemographic and dietary characteristics of the overall sample and compared, in bivariate analysis, by cases (children with respiratory morbidity characterized by the diagnosis of asthma, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia) and controls (children without respiratory disease diagnoses).
| Characteristics | Total (n = 222) n (%) | Control (n = 148) n (%) | Case (n = 74) n (%) | OR [CI 95%] 1 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex of baby | 0,569 | ||||
| Female | 117 (52,7) | 76 (51,4) | 41 (55,4) | 1,00 | |
| Male | 105 (47,3) | 72 (48,6) | 33 (44,6) | 0,85 [0,48–1,49] | |
| Age of mother | 0,892 | ||||
| < 30 years old | 136 (61,5) | 90 (61,2) | 46 (62,2) | 1,04 [0,59–1,86] | |
| ≥ 30 years old | 85 (38,5) | 57 (38,8) | 28 (37,8) | 1,00 | |
| Maternal smoking | 0,024 | ||||
| Has never smoked | 173 (77,9) | 122 (82,4) | 51 (68,9) | 1,00 | |
| Currently smokes/has smoked | 49 (22,1) | 26 (17,6) | 23 (31,1) | 2,12 [1,10–4,06] | |
| Family size | 0,672 | ||||
| < 6 people | 160 (72,1) | 108 (73,0) | 52 (70,3) | 1,00 | |
| ≥ 6 people | 62 (27,9) | 40 (27,0) | 22 (29,7) | 1,14 [0,61–2,10] | |
| Family income (per capita) 2 | 0,580 | ||||
| < 3 MW | 134 (60,4) | 83 (56,1) | 51 (68,9) | 1,23 [0,60–2,61] | |
| ≥ 3 MW | 42 (18,9) | 28 (18,9) | 14 (18,9) | 1,00 | |
| Does not know | 46 (20,7) | 37 (25,0) | 9 (12,2) | – | |
| Breastfeeding | 0,036 | ||||
| < 6 months | 45 (20,3) | 24 (16,2) | 21 (28,4) | 2,05 [1,04–4,00] | |
| ≥ 6 months | 177 (79,7) | 124 (83,8) | 53 (71,6) | 1,00 | |
| Collect center | |||||
| South | 106 (47,8) | 54 (36,5) | 52 (70,3) | 1,00 | |
| Northeast | 64 (28,8) | 56 (37,8) | 8 (10,8) | 0,15 [0,06–0,33] | <0,01 |
| North | 52 (23,4) | 38 (25,7) | 14 (18,9) | 0,38 [0,18–0,77] | <0,01 |
| Amount of ultra-processed foods | 0,878 | ||||
| Has not consumed | 36 (16,8) | 24 (16,5) | 12 (17,4) | 1,00 | |
| Has consumed | 178 (83,2) | 121 (83,5) | 57 (82,6) | 0,94 [0,45–2,07] | |
| Sugary beverages 3 | 0,275 | ||||
| Has not consumed | 185 (85,6) | 126 (87,5) | 59 (81,9) | 1,00 | |
| Has consumed | 31 (14,4) | 18 (12,5) | 13 (18,1) | 1,54 [0,70–3,34] | |
| Amount of ultra-processed products 4 | 0,929 | ||||
| Has not consumed | 36 (17,1) | 24 (16,9) | 12 (17,4) | 1,00 | |
| Has consumed | 175 (82,9) | 118 (83,1) | 57 (82,6) | 0,97 [0,46–2,13] | |
1
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
2
Minimum wage (MW) of R$ 998.00 in the collection year (2019).
3
Artificial juice (boxed juice, powdered drink) and/or ice pops (geladinho, dindin) and soda.
4
Ultra-processed foods + sugary beverages.