Fig. 2.

Fully adjusted odds ratios for latent classes of long-term trajectories of depressive symptomatology. Source: ELSA waves 4–9 and COVID-19 sub-studies 1–2 (N = 3925). Class 1: enduring elevated depressive symptoms; class 2: increasing elevated depressive symptoms; class 3: decreasing elevated depressive symptoms; class 4 (reference group): absence of elevated depressive symptoms. Outcome variables are depressive symptomatology in June–July 2020 and November–December 2020, respectively. Analyses are fully adjusted for baseline age group, sex, ethnicity, education, marital status, employment status, wealth quintile, memory status, self-reported health, smoking status, daily drinking, physical activity level and sleep quality. Survey weights are applied.