Table 3.
Regression models of antidepressant use in trials comparing psychotherapy with control groups
| k | Coef. | SE | p | Coef. | SE | p | Coef. | SE | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADM use (continuous) | 354 | −0.02 | 0.00 | 0.07 | −0.00 | 0.00 | 0.95 | −0.00 | 0.00 | 0.96 | |
| Therapy | Third wave | 30 | Ref. | ||||||||
| Behav act. | 24 | −0.03 | 0.19 | 0.88 | −0.06 | 0.18 | 0.74 | ||||
| CBT | 175 | −0.09 | 0.14 | 0.54 | −0.11 | 0.13 | 0.39 | ||||
| IPT | 31 | −0.51 | 0.18 | 0.01 | −0.45 | 0.17 | <0.01 | ||||
| Probl. solv. | 20 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.62 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.79 | ||||
| Life rev. | 10 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.21 | ||||
| Dynamic | 10 | −0.07 | 0.25 | 0.78 | −0.00 | 0.23 | 1.00 | ||||
| Other | 54 | −0.28 | 0.16 | 0.07 | −0.36 | 0.15 | 0.02 | ||||
| Control | Usual care | 128 | Ref. | ||||||||
| Other control | 44 | −0.09 | 0.12 | 0.44 | −0.21 | 0.11 | 0.06 | ||||
| Pharmacoth | 56 | −0.23 | 0.15 | 0.13 | −0.17 | 0.14 | 0.22 | ||||
| Waitlist | 126 | 0.26 | 0.10 | <0.01 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.05 | ||||
| Year (continuous) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.53 | ||||||||
| Format | Group | 101 | Ref. | ||||||||
| GSH | 56 | −0.19 | 0.12 | 0.12 | |||||||
| Individual | 152 | −0.06 | 0.10 | 0.56 | |||||||
| Telephone | 17 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.63 | |||||||
| Other/mixed | 28 | −0.12 | 0.15 | 0.40 | |||||||
| Number of sessions (continuous) | 354 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.12 | |||||||
| Country | Australia | 16 | Ref. | ||||||||
| Canada | 21 | −0.06 | 0.23 | 0.80 | −0.03 | 0.22 | 0.89 | ||||
| East Asia | 34 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.43 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.54 | ||||
| Europe | 86 | −0.13 | 0.19 | 0.49 | −0.13 | 0.18 | 0.47 | ||||
| UK | 37 | −0.11 | 0.21 | 0.59 | −0.08 | 0.20 | 0.68 | ||||
| US | 124 | −0.09 | 0.19 | 0.64 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.96 | ||||
| Other | 36 | 0.63 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 0.66 | 0.20 | <0.01 | ||||
| Mean age (continuous) | 354 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.10 | |||||||
| Proportion women (continuous) | 354 | 0.36 | 0.21 | 0.08 | |||||||
| Recruitment | Clinical | 113 | Ref. | ||||||||
| Community | 153 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.73 | |||||||
| Other | 88 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.47 | |||||||
| Diagnosis | Depressive dis | 220 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.09 | ||||||
| Cut-off | 188 | Ref. | |||||||||
| Subthreshold | 16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.34 | |||||||
| Target group | Adults | 164 | Ref. | ||||||||
| Gen med | 70 | −0.05 | 0.14 | 0.72 | |||||||
| Older adults | 29 | −0.34 | 0.21 | 0.10 | |||||||
| Other | 45 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.07 | |||||||
| Perinatal | 27 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.72 | |||||||
| Students | 19 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.09 | |||||||
| Low RoB | Low versus other | 354 | −0.26 | 0.08 | <0.01 | −0.29 | 0.07 | <0.001 | |||
Note: In the first model, only the use antidepressants (ADM) was entered as a predictor; in the second model, all available characteristics were entered simultaneously; in the third model only predictors were retained that were significant in the second model.
Abbreviations: ADM, antidepressant medication; Behav act, behavioral activation; CBT, cognitive behavior therapy; Coef, coefficient; Dis, disorder; Dynamic, psychodynamic therapy; Gen med, general medical patients; GSH, guided self-help; IPT, interpersonal psychotherapy; k, number of comparisons; p, p-value; perinatal, perinatal depression; pharmacoth, pharmacotherapy; Probl. solv, problem-solving therapy; RoB, risk of bias; SE, standard error; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States.
p-values indicate statistical significance.