Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics upon study admission
| ITT (n = 149) | PP (n = 76) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | TAU | Intervention | TAU | |
| (n = 81) | (n = 68) | (n = 30) | (n = 46) | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 32.62 (9.08) | 31.64 (9.84) | 31.87 (8.98) | 32.57 (10.80) |
| Female, N/total N (%) | 35/81 (43.2) | 22/68 (32.4) | 14/30 (46.6) | 13/46 (28.3) |
| Marital status, N/total N (%) | ||||
| Single | 31/81 (38.3) | 30/67 (44.8) | 13/30 (43.3) | 18/30 (60.0) |
| Married | 38/81)46.9) | 23/67 (34.3) | 12/30 (40.0) | 17/30 (56.7) |
| Divorced | 9/81 (11.1) | 10/67 (14.9) | 5/30 (16.7) | 8/30 (26.7) |
| Widowed | 3/81 (3.7) | 4/67 (6.0) | 0/30 (0.0) | 3/30 (10.0) |
| Having children, N/total N (%) | 42/81 (51.9) | 31/65 (47.7) | 14/30 (46.7) | 23/46 (50.0) |
| Education, mean (SD) | 8.8 (4.4) | 8.8 (4.7) | 7.7 (4.2) | 8.3 (4.8) |
| Social status change, mean (SD) | −1.2 (1.2) | −1.1 (1.2) | −0.9 (1.2) | −1.1 (1.0) |
| Identification migrant, mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.1) |
| Religious affiliation, n/n total (%) | 67/79 (84.8) | 55/67 (82.1) | 27/30 (90.0) | 38/46 (82.6) |
| Residence status, N/total N (%) a | ||||
| Permanent residence permit | 3/81 (3.7) | 3/66 (4.5) | 1/30 (3.3) | 2/46 (4.3) |
| Temporary residence permit | 73/81 (90.2) | 54/66 (81.8) | 29/30 (76.7) | 40/46 (87.0) |
| Permanent residence in the EU | 1/81 (1.2) | 4/66 (6.1) | 0/30 (0.0) | 2/46 (33.3) |
| No legal residence permit | 3/81 (3.7) | 3/66 (4.5) | 0/30 (0.0) | 1/46 (2.2) |
| Other | 1/81 (1.2) | 2/66 (3.1) | 0/30 (0.0) | 1/46 (2.2) |
| Living situation, N/total N (%) | ||||
| Private flat | 32/81 (39.5) | 19/66 (28.8) | 12/30 (40.0) | 13/45 (28.9) |
| Refugee accommodation b | 40/81 (49.4) | 35/66 (53.0) | 16/30 (53.3) | 26/45 (57.8) |
| Shared flat | 8/81 (9.9) | 10/66 (15.2) | 2/30 (6.7) | 5/45 (11.1) |
| Other | 1/81 (1.2) | 2/66 (3.0) | 0/30 (0.0) | 1/45 (2.2) |
| Current employment | ||||
| Unemployed | 70/78 (89.7) | 56/66 (84.8) | 27/30 (90.0) | 37/46 (80.4) |
| Employed | 8/78 (10.3) | 10/66 (15.2) | 3/30 (10.0) | 9/46 (19.6) |
| Reasons for migration, N/total N (%) c | ||||
| War | 49/81 (60.5) | 44/68 (64.7) | 21/30 (70.0) | 30/46 (65.2) |
| Natural disaster | 0/81 (0.0) | 1/68 (1.5) | 0/30 (0.0) | 0/46 (0.0) |
| Economic crisis | 6/81 (7.4) | 9/68 (13.2) | 4/30 (13.3) | 5/46 (10.9) |
| Individual situation | 10/81 (12.3) | 12/68 (17.6) | 2/30 (6.7) | 8/46 (17.4) |
| Persecution | 28/81 (34.6) | 28/68 (41.2) | 9/30 (30.0) | 17/46 (37.0) |
| Social situation | 18/81 (22.2) | 18/68 (26.5) | 7/30 (23.3) | 9/46 (19.6) |
| Other | 6/81 (7.4) | 0/68 (0.0) | 1/30 (3.3) | 0/46 (0.0) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Subtype of depression, n (%) d | ||||
| Unipolar depression | 48/79 (60.8) | 35/63 (55.5) | 18/30 (60.0) | 22/45 (48.9) |
| Recurrent depressive disorder | 18/79 (22.8) | 20/63 (31.7) | 6/30 (20.0) | 17/45 (37.8) |
| Dysthymia | 1/79 (1.3) | 3/63 (4.8) | 0/30 (0.0) | 2/45 (4.4) |
| Bipolar | 1/79 (1.3) | 0/63 (0.0) | 0/30 (0.0) | 0/45 (0.0) |
| No diagnosis according to M.I.N.I. e | 11/79 (13.9) | 5/63 (7.9) | 6/30 (20.0) | 4/45 (8.9) |
| Reported traumatic events, mean (SD) | 10.05 (6.35) | 10.53 (6.35) | 10.48 (6.40) | 10.50 (6.12) |
| One comorbid axis I disorder, n (%) | 28/79 (35.4) | 16/63 (25.4) | 12/30 (40.0) | 11/45 (24.4) |
| ≥ 2 comorbid axis I disorders, n (%) | 20/79 (25.3) | 20/63 (31.7) | 7/30 (23.3) | 15/45 (33.3) |
| PTSD, n (%) | 33/79 (41.8) | 22/63 (34.9) | 13/30 (43.3) | 18/45 (40.0) |
| Substance use disorder, n (%) | 5/79 (6.3) | 4/63 (6.3) | 0/45 (0.0) | 2/45 (4.4) |
| Concomitant antidepressants, n (%) | 31/80 (38.8) | 28/67 (41.8) | 14 (46.7) | 22/46 (47.8) |
| Concomitant psychotherapy, n (%) | 15/79 (19.0) | 12/66 (18.2) | 5/30 (16.7) | 8/45 (17.8) |
Abbreviations: ITT, intention-to-treat; M.I.N.I., Mini-International-Psychiatric-Interview; n, number; PP, per protocol; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation.
Residence status upon study admission. Temporary residence status includes asylum seekers, asylum applicants, individuals under subsidiary protection, people under a ban on deportation and people with a tolerated right to stay. No information regarding residence status was obtained for two control participants.
Refugee accommodation includes initial reception centers, AnkER-centers, collective accommodation centers and decentralized accommodation.
Multiple answers possible.
No M.I.N.I. was carried out with 7 subjects in the ITT sample and with one participant in the PP sample.
16 (10.7%) participants in ITT sample and 10 (13.2%) participant in the PP sample did not meet criteria for any affective disorder in the M.I.N.I.