Table 1.
Associations of type of delivery with maternal sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors and maternal perinatal outcomes.
| Parameters (n = 5182) | Type of Delivery | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaginal (43.6%) |
Caesarean (56.4%) |
p-Value | |
|
Mothers’ age (mean ± SE; years), Mean age: 37.5 ± 4.8 years |
36.6 ± 4.4 | 38.2 ± 5.0 | p = 0.0001 |
| Mothers’ ethnicity (n, %) | p = 0.4735 | ||
| Greek (4957, 95.7%) | 2169 (95.9) | 2788 (95.5) | |
| Others (225, 4.3%) | 93 (4.1) | 132 (4.5) | |
|
Pre-pregnancy BMI (mean ± SD; kg/m2) Mean value: 22.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2 |
22.1 ± 3.4 | 23.1 ± 3.8 | p = 0.0001 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI status (n, %) | p < 0.0001 | ||
| Underweight (149, 2.9%) | 98 (4.3) | 51 (1.8) | |
| Normal weight (3869, 74.7%) | 1751 (77.4) | 2118 (72.5) | |
| Overweight (905, 17.4%) | 352 (15.6) | 553 (18.9) | |
| Obese (259, 4.0%) | 61 (2.7) | 198 (6.6) | |
|
Educational years (mean ± SD; years) Mean value: 14.5 ± 2.8 years |
13.5 ± 2.9 | 14.7 ± 2.8 | p = 0.0011 |
| Financial level (n, %) | p = 0.0117 | ||
| Low (2.937, 46.2%) | 1082 (47.8) | 1315 (45.0) | |
| Medium (2236, 45.1%) | 1011 (44.7) | 1325 (45.4) | |
| High (449, 8.7%) | 169 (7.5) | 280 (9.6) | |
| Smoking habits (n, %) | p = 0.0004 | ||
| No smokers (3857, 74.4%) | 1739 (76.9) | 2118 (72.5) | |
| Regular smokers (25.6%) | 523 (23.1) | 802 (275.) | |
| Parity (n, %) | p = 0.0638 | ||
| Nulliparity (3327, 64.2%) | 1484 (65.6) | 1843 (63.1) | |
| Multiparity (1855, 35.8%) | 778 (34.4) | 1077 (36.9) | |
|
Gestational weigh gain (mean ± SD; kg) Mean values: 13.8 ± 6.1 |
13.3 ± 6.0 | 14.2 ± 6.2 | p < 0.0001 |
| Preterm birth (<37th week, n, %) | p < 0.0001 | ||
| No (4211, 81.3%) | 2190 (96.8) | 2021 (69.2) | |
| Yes (971, 18.7%) | 72 (3.2) | 899 (30.8) | |
| Gestational diabetes (n, %) | p = 0.7019 | ||
| No (4958, 95.7%) | 2167 (95.8) | 2791 (95.6) | |
| Yes (224, 4.3%) | 95 (4.2) | 129 (4.4) | |
| Gestational hypertension (n, %) | p = 0.1426 | ||
| No (4968, 95.9%) | 2179 (96.3) | 2789 (95.5) | |
| Yes (214, 4.1%) | 83 (3.7) | 131 (4.5) | |
| Exclusive breastfeeding (n, %) | p < 0.0001 | ||
| No (2608, 50.3%) | 872 (38.6) | 1736 (59.5) | |
| Yes (2574, 49.7%) | 1390 (61.4) | 1184 (40.5) | |
| Hospital type of delivery (n, %) | p = 0.0001 | ||
| Public hospital (2522, 48.7%) | 1226 (54.2) | 1296 (44.4) | |
| Private hospital (51.3%) | 1036 (45.8) | 1624 (55.6) | |