Table 2.

Management of COVID-19 patients in long-term care facilities in European countries

Country	Initial medical care	Institution in charge of testing	Department doing contact tracing	Isolation supervision	Medical care and follow-up	Physical examination	Availability of X-ray	Availability of phlebotomy	Additional testing to end the isolation
Austria	GP/Hotline	PHC/Lab	Local government	Local Health Authorities	GP	GP	Hospital	Hospital	No
Belgium	LTCF staff/Coordinating GP	Coordinating GP	LTCF staff/Coordinating GP	LTCF staff/Coordinating GP	Coordinating GP	Coordinating GP/Patient’s GP	Ambulatory radiology service	Coordinating GP/Patient’s GP	No
Bulgaria	GP/Nurse/LTCF doctor	PHC/PH/Hospital/Hotline	PH/Regional Health Authorities	LTCF Staff	GP/A&E	LTCF A&E/Hospital	Hospital	Lab	No
Croatia	GP	PHC/Hospital/PH	LTCF nurses/PH	LTCF Staff/Civil Defense	GP/nurse	GP/A&E	COVID-19 hospital/A&E	COVID-19 Hospital/A&E	No
Cyprus	GP	Hospital/Lab	Ministry of Health	GP	GP	COVID-19 Outpatient clinic/Hospital	COVID-19 Outpatient clinic/Hospital	COVID-19 Outpatient clinic/Hospital	Yes
Czech Republic	GP	PHC/Mobile testing team/Lab	PH	LTCF Staff	GP	GP	PHC	PHC	Yes
Finland	App/GP	Lab/PHC	Municipalities/Hospital/PH	LTCF Staff	PHC	GP/A&E/PH	PHC/PH/A&E	PHC/PH/A&E	No
France	LTCF doctor or nurse/GP	LTCF doctors or nurses	National health insurance	LTCF Staff	GP/Nurses/LTCF doctor	GP/LTCF doctor	Hospital	LTCF	Yes
Germany	GP	Mobile testing center/PHC	PH	Nurses	GP	GP	Radiology clinic/Hospital	LTCF	Yes
Greece	LTCF doctor/PHC/Hotline	PHC/Hospital	PH/Civil Protection	LTCF Staff/PH	LTCF doctor/GP/Internist	LTCF doctor/GP/Internist	Radiology clinic/Hospital	LTCF	Yes, depending on the symptoms
Hungary	GP	LTCF staff	N/A	LTCF Staff	GP	GPLTCF staff	Radiology clinic/Hospital	LTCF	Yes
Ireland	PHC	National health service/PH	PH	LTCF Staff	LTCF staff/PHC	LTCF staff/PHC	A&E	A&E	No
Italy	LTCF GP/GP/Out of Hour Service	LTCF GP/PHC	LTCF Staff/PH	LTCF Staff	LTCF doctor/GP	LTCF doctor/GP	PHC/Hospital	LTCF	Yes
Lithuania	Hotline/GP	Hotline/PHC	PH	GPLTCF Staff	GP	GP or PHC nurse	Hospital	LTCF	No
Luxembourg	GP/Hotline/Out of hours	LTCF staff	LTCF staff/PH	N/A	LTCF GP/GP	LTCF GP/GP	Hospital	LTCF	No
Netherlands	LTCF doctor	PH	PH	LTCF doctor or nurse	LTCF doctor	LTCF doctor	Hospital	LTCF/Hospital	No
North Macedonia	PHC	PH	PH	LTCF Staff	GP/Infectious diseases specialist	COVID-19 Outpatient clinic/Hospital	Hospital	Lab	Yes
Poland	PHC	PHC/Hospital/Lab	Sanitary station	LTCF Staff	LTCF GP or nurse	GP	Hospital	LTCF	No
Romania	Ambulance/GP	Lab/PH	PH	PH/Police	GP	Ambulance	COVID-19 Outpatient clinic	COVID-19 Outpatient clinic	No
Serbia	PHC/PH/Hotline	PHC/PH	LTCF Staff/PH	LTCF GP or nurse	LTCF GP or nurse	LTCF GP /GP	COVID-19 Outpatient clinic	COVID-19 Outpatient clinic	Yes
Slovenia	LTCF GP	LTCF PHC team	PH	LTCF Staff	LTCF GP or nurse	LTCF GP	Hospital	LTCF	No*
Sweden	PHC	LTCF/PHC	Regional Infection Tracing Department	LTCF Staff	LTCF nurses/GP	GP	A&E	LTCF/PHC	No
Spain	LTCF doctor or nurse/GP	PHC/LTCF staff	LTCF doctor or nurse/PHC	LTCF Staff	LTCF doctor or nurse/GP	LTCF doctor	PHC/A&E	LTCF	No
United Kingdom	PH (Health protection team)	NHS England	LTCFS trace and test	N/A	Aligned primary care network/GP	Aligned primary care network/GP	PHC	PHC	Yes

Countries with no primary health care implication were Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Israel, Portugal, Turkey, Ukraine.

A&E = Accident and Emergency Department; GP = general practitioner; PH = public health; PHC = primary health care.

COVID-19 outpatient clinic: Primary care clinic that take care of COVID-19 ambulatory patients and it is run by primary care staff.

Aligned primary care network: Network of PHC practices that provide integrated and coordinated care in the community.

*The test was not needed but it was performed routinely before going out the COVID-19 zone in the LTCF.