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. 2023 Oct 5;11:102417. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102417

Table 3.

Modified basic structure of P4C session (modified P4C) [13,27,28].

Step Explanation
Step one: Circle Sit in a circle so everyone can see each other. In online sessions, we encourage camera opening.
Step two: Community Build a community by selecting the correct opening exercise.
Step three: Stimulus Share a stimulus
Step four: Thinking-talk time Allow a thinking time and/or talking time about the stimulus.
Step five: Concept extraction Identify the concepts and main ideas raised by the stimulus
Step six: Question making Individuals, pairs, or group thinking and discussion time to make questions follow
Step seven: Question analysis and selection Work on questions by linking them to concepts and identify logic and hypothesis behind them. Then using any voting techniques, allow the group to vote on a single question.
Step eight: Discussion Start a discussion about the question. The group that selects the question has the right to start the discussion by an attempt to answer the question. Then the discussion flows.
Step nine: Summary At the end a final word can be given by any participant. It is encouraged to invite a member who did not share a lot of thought to say the final word that summarizes the discussion.
Step ten: Reflection At the end participants reflect on the quality of the discussion: what went well? What can be improved?