Hoedemaekers 2005.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised controlled trial Run‐in period: not specified Registration date: not available, published in 2005 Number of study centres and locations: unspecified, authors from University Hospital Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Participants	Twenty participants were assessed in this study. Inclusion criteria: patients aged 18 years or older scheduled for elective CABG Exclusion criteria: history of diabetes, fasting blood glucose levels above 100 mg/dL on the day before surgery, MI within 4 weeks before surgery, cardiogenic shock or renal failure (serum Cr level above 1.7 mg/dL). Patients were also excluded if they had used any medication within 4 weeks before surgery known to modulate the inflammatory response (for example, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or steroids) or when there were clinical signs of infection or inflammatory disease. Patients undergoing off‐pump cardiac surgery were excluded.
Interventions	Intervention: IT Control: standard glycaemic management
Outcomes	Concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐ 6 and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐11 at 0 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours, and 24 hours after admission to the ICU
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given around the randomisation method: "We performed a randomized, controlled study in 20 nondiabetic patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed envelope: "Assignments to the treatment groups were made with the use of sealed envelopes"
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No details given for blinding, unfeasible for study personnel
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No details given, unlikely
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No trial group changes, no withdrawals, and no losses to follow‐up were reported, but no intention‐to‐treat analysis. Data from all the participants were included in the final analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Did not report graph for TNF‐α
Other bias	Low risk	The authors did not declare any financial support. "The authors declare that they have no competing interests."