Jin 2019.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised controlled trial Run‐in period: July 2012 to July 2015. Received February 5, 2018; accepted December 28, 2018, published 2019 Number of centres and location: single centre. First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou, China)
Participants	A total of 241 participants were assessed in the study. Inclusion criteria: patients who received valve surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; mitral valve disease, aortic valve disease, or combined valvular disease; and patients with stable haemodynamic blood Exclusion criteria: infection, chronic lung disease, medications that may interfere with RIPC, pregnancy, renal disease, cardiac arrest during hospital admission and peripheral arterial disease affecting the limbs, complicated CAD, complicated hypertension, congenital heart valve disease, preoperative stroke, simultaneous radiofrequency ablation of AF, and reoperation
Interventions	Interventions: RIPC: two 5‐min cycles of simultaneous upper arm and thigh cuff inflation and deflation (simultaneous inflation to 200 mmHg, left inflation for 5 min and then deflation to 0 mmHg and left deflated for 5 min) Control: no preconditioning
Outcomes	Postoperative MI detected using hs‐cTnT, sICAM‐1, ET‐1, MDA, NO, blood gas indexes, ALIand length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay and major adverse cardiovascular events at 90 days (death, myocardial infarction or stroke) Blood samples were collected preoperatively (T1) and at 5 min (T2), 2 h (T3), 6 h (T4) and 24 h (T5) after CPB.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	"The investigators who analyzed the data were blinded to the treatment allocation."
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No details given other than "The investigators who analyzed the data were blinded to the treatment allocation"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All data included in analysis
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No reporting bias apparent
Other bias	Low risk	The authors declare that they have no competing interests.