Amador Buenabad 2020.
| Study characteristics | |
| Methods |
Study design: cluster‐RCT Duration of study: the study was conducted in 2015‐2016. Country: Mexico City, Mexico Income classification: upper‐middle‐income country from 1990 Geographical scope: urban Healthcare setting: 4 urban public schools |
| Participants | 1. Age: caregivers 38.46 ± 8.56; children 8.75 ± 1.34 years 2. Gender: both 3. Socioeconomic background: caregivers had varied employment statuses. 4. Educational background: caregivers had completed, on average, 11.74 years of education (SD = 3.24); children attending 3rd, 4th or 5th year of primary school. Inclusion criteria—children: a. enrolment in 2nd, 4th or 5th grade in the selected elementary school; b. consent for participation by at least one legal guardian; c. assent from the child; d. participation by at least one primary caregiver, and complete pre‐test. Inclusion criteria—caregivers: a. 18 years of age or older; b. spend time with the child on a regular basis; c. agree to participate and complete pre‐test. Exclusion criteria not reported Note: at baseline, the intervention and control group scores for the Externalizing Subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were, respectively, 57.6 (10.45) and 52.75 (7.90). Stated purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions Dejando Huellitas en tu Vida (Leaving Traces on Your Life [Huellitas]) and Criando con Amor, Promoviendo Armonía y Superación en México (Raising Children with Love, Promoting Harmony and Self‐Improvement [CAPAS‐Mx]) |
| Interventions |
Name: Making trails in your life/Huellitas Title/name of PW and number: supervised trained teachers, each group of students having a responsible school teacher 1. Selection: not specified 2. Educational background: not specified 3. Training: the teachers were trained during 14 sessions (30 h) prior to starting the intervention based on an application manual. Three creators of the preventive model Huellitas provided the training (application manual (Gutiérrez, 2009). 4. Supervision: all interaction sessions were videotaped for review and to provide feedback to the teachers by programme managers. 5. Incentives/remuneration: the teachers who implemented the intervention received MX$150 (approximately US$8) at the end of each module. Caregivers were compensated with MX$100 (approximately US$5) for each completed evaluation. Children who completed evaluations received a pencil at pre‐test and a water bottle at post‐test. At the end of the post‐test, all the teachers in the selected groups received a notebook. Prevention type: universal – for all caregiver‐child dyads of students attending the selected grades of the included primary schools, specifically Huellitas “was designed to develop social skills in elementary‐age children using a universal, low‐cost approach”—CAPAS‐Mx “provides universal prevention and selective intervention for externalizing”. Baseline scores of the CBCL are within the normal range for the scale. Intervention details Huellitas intervention: a social skills programme for children, administered in 12 weekly sessions (60 minutes each). The main topics are (1) personal aspects of the child, such as expressing and respecting each other's emotions and opinions; (2) prevention of abuse and maltreatment; (3) their relationships in their school and family environments; (4) equity, nondiscrimination and self acceptance. CAPAS‐Mx: manualized intervention, consisting of 12 sessions that last approximately 1.5 h each. In order to promote skills development, parenting educators use an active teaching methodology (e.g. Role Play and Modelling). After each session, caregivers have an assignment to practice the skill that was learned at home, and between each session, a phone call is made by a parenting educator to follow up on the home practice assignment. When parents or caregivers missed a session, replacement sessions were provided. At the end of each session, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire. In each school, parenting groups were offered on different days and at different times to maximize caregivers’ ability to attend groups. Multicomponent intervention (Huellitas and CAPAS‐MX): Huellitas and CAPAS‐Mx were delivered simultaneously, optimizing families’ time. Control: waiting list – both interventions were provided 3 months after the interventions were ended in the other experimental conditions. |
| Outcomes |
Participants’outcomes of interest for this review
Note: we included data only from the Huellitas intervention. Carers’ outcomes of interest for this review Nil Economic outcomes Nil Time points: baseline, post‐intervention (< 1 month) |
| Notes |
Source of funding: this research was conducted with funding from the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) of Mexico, through the PDCPN‐2014‐248428 project. Notes on validation of instruments (screening and outcomes): the CBCL is a widely adopted measure that has been validated across contexts; the social outcome scale was developed for the study. Additional information: none Handling the data: not applicable Prospective trial registration number: ISRCTN11345846 |