Chang 2015.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: cluster‐RCT Duration of study: recruitment was conducted in 2011‐2013. Country: Jamaica (the study included also a location in Antigua and St Lucia, but these were not classified as LMICs in the study period so they were not included) Income classification: upper‐middle‐income country in 2011‐2013 Geographical scope: parishes of Kingston and St Andrew Healthcare setting: primary care facility (free standing); viewing of films, and discussions were conducted in the waiting area in each public healthcare centre while mothers waited to see the nurse.
Participants	1. Age: infants aged ≥ 10 weeks were excluded. 2. Gender: both 3. Socioeconomic background: not specified 4. Educational background: mother’s highest school grade level for intervention (n = 251; mean 10.1, SD 1.3), for control (n = 250; mean 10, SD 1.3) Inclusion criteria: mothers and infants attending government (public) primary care health centres for child care Exclusion criteria: a. infants with obvious mental or physical disabilities; b. twins. Note: at baseline, sample scores for Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) were 14.8 (10.85) for the intervention group, and 15.32 (10.68) for the control group. Stated purpose: to test the effectiveness of a parenting training programme integrated into primary care
Interventions	Name: parenting intervention with routine primary health care Title/name of PW and number: community health workers (CHWs) and nurses (number not specified) 1. Selection: not specified 2. Educational background: CHWs had a minimum of 3 years’ secondary‐level education. 3. Training: PHWs received pre‐service training of up to 20 weeks or in‐service training, with limited information on child development. Training in the intervention comprised 3‐day workshops with viewing of films and role play. CHWs were given manuals that provided the steps and content for each health visit. Before a new set of topics was shown, a supervisor visited the clinic, reviewed the topics with the CHWs, and provided guidance in discussions and practice. 4. Supervision: The supervisor monitored implementation quality every 6 weeks using 3‐point ratings of how well the CHW involved the mothers and acknowledged and praised their efforts. 5. Incentives/remuneration: not specified Prevention type: indicated – mothers attending the primary care facilities that presented some level of distress at baseline as indicated by CES‐D scores Intervention details: short films developed in Jamaica with 5 mother‐child pairs. Nine modules, each ∼3 minutes in duration, covered the following topics: love, responding and comforting, talking to children, praise, using bath time to play and learn, looking at books, simple toys to make, drawing and games, and puzzles. In each centre, CHWs discussed the activities shown with the mothers and demonstrated them. Viewing of films and discussions were conducted in the waiting area while mothers waited to see the nurse. Mothers practised the activities with their children and were encouraged to make them part of their daily routine. The median duration of the discussion sessions was 16 minutes. All children were seen by a nurse at each visit. The nurses gave the mothers message cards that reinforced the topics on the films and reviewed the cards with them. They encouraged the mothers to do the activities and to watch the films if they had not done so. At ages 9 and 12 months, nurses gave the parents a picture book, and at 18 months a 3‐piece puzzle to take home. Control: usual care
Outcomes	Participants’outcomes of interest for this review Depressive symptoms – CES‐D Carers’ outcomes of interest for this review Nil Economic outcomes Nil Time points: baseline, post‐intervention (< 1 month)
Notes	Source of funding: supported by the Inter‐American Development Bank Notes on validation of instruments (screening and outcomes): the selected outcome is widely adopted and validated across contexts. Additional information: none Handling the data: not applicable Prospective trial registration number: ISRCTN43108304