Lachman 2017.
| Study characteristics | |
| Methods |
Study design: RCT Duration of study: the study was conducted in 2013. Country: South Africa Income classification: upper‐middle‐income country in 2013 Geographical scope: urban, Khayelitsha, a low‐income suburb in Cape Town, South Africa Healthcare setting: intervention delivered by local NGO; when parents missed a session, 1‐to‐1 home consultations were provided. |
| Participants | 1. Age: parents: control 41.09 (13.32), intervention 42.06 (13.16); children: control 5.18 (1.73), intervention 5.62 (1.65) 2. Gender: both 3. Socioeconomic background: 97% of parents were unemployed, 75% lived in informal housing. 4. Educational background: majority (73.5% in control, 90.9% in intervention) had not completed high school. Inclusion criteria: a. isiXhosa‐speaking adults over the age of 18; b. identify themselves as a primary guardian of at least one child aged 3 to 8 years, with elevated child behaviour problems based on a cut‐off of 11 or more problems on the parent‐report form of the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory Problem scale; c. reside in the same household as their children for at least 4 nights per week, in order to assure adequate time for engagement in parenting skills at home with their children. Exclusion criteria: none reported. Note: at baseline, the intervention and control group scores for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were, respectively, 12.36 and 14.6. Stated purpose: to examine the initial effects of a parenting programme in reducing the risk of child maltreatment in highly‐deprived and vulnerable communities in Cape Town, South Africa |
| Interventions |
Name: Sinovuyo Caring Families Program for Young Children Title/name of PW and number: community‐based workers 1. Selection: not specified 2. Educational background: some basic level of training in early childhood development 3. Training: not specified 4. Supervision: by authors 5. Incentives/remuneration: not specified Prevention type: indicated – participants presented with some level of distress as indicated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores, below the cut‐off for clinically significant levels for the measure. Intervention details: 12 weekly sessions. Each session lasted between 2 and 3 hours and included the following activities: (a) opening prayer, (b) mindful physical exercise, (c) children’s song, (d) discussion on home activities from previous session, (e) introduction of core parenting principle, (f) group discussion on the benefits of the principle, (g) working through illustrated stories, (h) practicing parenting skills through role‐plays, (i) assignment of home activities to implement the skills learned during the session, and (j) closing prayer. Facilitators follow a manualized programme protocol designed for low‐resource settings, which requires no equipment beyond homemade toys from recycled materials, paper, and pens. Parenting principles are introduced using traditional stories and illustrated scenarios that mirror typical extended family households in the South African context. Control: waiting list |
| Outcomes |
Participants’outcomes of interest for this review
Carers’ outcomes of interest for this review Nil Economic outcomes Nil Time points: baseline, post‐intervention (< 1 month) |
| Notes |
Source of funding: the research leading to these results received funding from the Ilifa Labantwana Fund (T141/79), the John Fell Fund, University of Oxford (103/757), the South African National Lottery Distribution Trust Fund (43137), and the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007‐2013; ERC grant agreement 313421). Notes on validation of instruments (screening and outcomes): the selected measures had been previously used and adapted for use in South Africa. The BDI‐II was validated. Additional information: none Handling the data: not applicable Prospective trial registration number: NCT01802294 |