Li 2019.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Duration of study: the study was conducted in 2016. Country: China Income classification: upper‐middle‐income country in 2016 Geographical scope: Bengbu, Anhui Province, China Healthcare setting: clinic of a medical college‐affiliated hospital
Participants	1. Age: intervention: 28.50 ± 3.58; control: 28.16 ± 3.15 2. Gender: female 3. Socioeconomic background: family average income 3000‐5000 RMB for approximately half of the participants and above 5000 for the other half 4. Educational background: approximately half had achieved a maximum education level of senior high school and half a university degree or above. Inclusion criteria: a. able to communicate and understand Chinese; b. had no severe medical conditions including heart disease, diabetes, and kidney disease. Exclusion criteria: a. pre‐existing mental illness, such as depression; b. complications of pregnancy, such as incipient abortion. Note: at baseline, the intervention and control group scores for Pregnancy Pressure Scale (PPS) were, respectively, 0.26 (0.17) and 0.23 (0.15). Stated purpose: to examine the effectiveness of cognitive‐behavioural stress management for pregnant women
Interventions	Name: cognitive‐behavioural stress management Title/name of PW and number: facilitator (4) 1. Selection: from the antenatal care staff team, with extensive work experience and highly developed communication skills 2. Educational background: had professional training 3. Training: “received training for the study”, no further information provided 4. Supervision: not specified 5. Incentives/remuneration: not specified Prevention type: selective—including all pregnant women. Participants presented with some baseline level of stress below the cut‐off for the measure. Intervention details: the intervention group received cognitive intervention, relaxation techniques training, and problem‐solving training and obtained a social support strategy for a pregnant woman. The intervention was carried out an extra 7 times during the whole period of pregnancy: 4 times (once every two weeks) between 12 and 28 weeks, 2 times (once every 4 weeks) between 28 and 36 weeks, and 1 time between 37 and 38 weeks. The sessions covered information on (1) the physiological and psychological changes in pregnancy, (2) coping methods for pregnancy stress, (3) relaxation techniques and (4) family support. Following each seminar, the facilitator invited participants to participate in group discussions to share their pregnancy experiences, including their problem‐solving strategies. The cognitive‐behavioural stress management was delivered mainly through face‐to‐face communication in the hospital, but in some cases, it was delivered via phone and email. Control: usual care – the control group received routine antenatal care and pregnancy health education instruction (including advice on diet, foetal monitoring and daily care during pregnancy).
Outcomes	Participants’outcomes of interest for this review Distress/PTSD symptoms – PPS Carers’ outcomes of interest for this review Nil Economic outcomes Nil Time points: baseline, post‐intervention (< 1 month)
Notes	Source of funding: Department of Education of Anhui Province Notes on validation of instruments (screening and outcomes): the scale was developed for use in China, tested, and demonstrated to have good variability. Additional information: none Handling the data: not applicable Prospective trial registration number: not reported