Rong 2021a.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Duration of study: the study was conducted from May to December 2019. Country: China Income classification: upper‐middle income country in 2019 Geographical scope: Wuhan, located in central China Healthcare setting: prenatal clinic of a large hospital for the recruitment, but yoga intervention was conducted in a spacious and bright yoga classroom in the same city.
Participants	1. Age: mean age for intervention group 29.00 ± 2.81 years and for control group 28.16 ± 2.78 years 2. Gender: female 3. Socioeconomic background—monthly per capita income (yuan): 6000 to 10,000 (40.6% intervention group, 31.3% control); > 10,000 (37.5% intervention group and 40.6% control) 4. Educational background: mostly college graduate (75% intervention group and 71% control) Inclusion criteria: a. primigravida, 18–27 weeks of gestation; b. over 18 years of age; c. singleton pregnancy; d. deemed suitable for yoga exercise based on a physical exam; e. Chinese‐speaking; f. living in Wuhan until delivery. Exclusion criteria: a. preferred a painless delivery; b. major obstetric or medical‐related complications; c. foetal abnormalities or intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR); d. had experienced major stress‐inducing events in the latest week; e. participation in yoga or an exercise programme of similar intensity during the previous 12 months or simultaneous exercise. Note: at baseline, the intervention and control group scores for Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were, respectively, 9.63 (4.32) and 8.53 (4.34). At baseline, the intervention and control group scores for State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were, respectively, 38.25 (8.74) and 34.84 (9.93). Stated purpose: to evaluate the efficacy of yoga on physiological and psychological discomforts and delivery outcomes in Chinese primiparas
Interventions	Name: yoga Title/name of PW and number: 2, a professional yoga instructor and the researcher 1. Selection: not specified 2. Educational background: the professional yoga instructor had a degree of Master in Yoga from Zhejiang University. 3. Training: researcher’s specialized training had been provided by the instructor prior to this study, allowing the researcher to assist in guiding and correcting participants’ yoga postures during the exercise. 4. Supervision: not specified 5. Incentives/remuneration: not specified Prevention type: indicated – participants presented with some level of distress as indicated by the EPDS and STAI scores. Intervention details: 12‐week yoga exercise three times per week. Each yoga exercise lesson lasted for 60 minutes, including a 10‐minute warm‐up, 40‐minute yoga posture exercise, and a 10‐minute meditation. Each posture exercise included preparation, practice and repetition, controlled breathing, and mindful awareness. Control: usual care (routine prenatal health care only. Routine prenatal health care was provided by prenatal clinic obstetricians and midwives with more than 10 years of experience in obstetrics. The participants were provided with educational materials on the prenatal period, preparation for delivery, and skills needed during delivery. They were contacted during follow‐up by telephone and WeChat, a popular Chinese social media platform).
Outcomes	Participants’outcomes of interest for this review Depressive symptoms – EPDS Anxiety symptoms – STAI Carers’ outcomes of interest for this review Nil Economic outcomes Nil Time points: baseline, post‐intervention (1‐6 months)
Notes	Source of funding: none Notes on validation of instruments (screening and outcomes): “The internal consistency coefficient of the EPDS as previously reported was 0.87. In the current study, the Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.773.” “The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the S‐AI [sic] as previously reported was 0.90. In the current study, it was 0.925.” Additional information: none Handling the data: not applicable Prospective trial registration number: clinicaltrial.gov (no. ChiCTR1900025307)