Singla 2015.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: cluster‐RCT Duration of study: the study was conducted between 2013 and 2015. Country: Uganda Income classification: low‐income country in 2013‐2015 Geographical scope: rural—Lira, a northern district of Uganda Healthcare setting: unspecified location for group sessions, home for home visit component
Participants	1. Age: child—intervention 22.44 (6.4), control 22.23 (6.2) months; mother—intervention 28.04 (7), control 26.57 (7.2) years 2. Gender: both 3. Socioeconomic background: 94‐95% of mothers were farmers. 4. Educational background: years of education—intervention 3.91 (2.9), control 4.02 (2.8) Inclusion criteria—children: a. 12 months to 36 months (child); b. all sexes. Inclusion criteria—mothers: mothers of children ages 12‐24 months. Exclusion criteria: disabled children. Note: at baseline, the intervention and control group scores for the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) were, respectively, 15.13 (9.58) and 12.84 (7.88). Stated purpose: to assess an integrated, community‐based parenting intervention that targeted both child development and maternal well‐being in rural Uganda
Interventions	Name: community‐based parenting intervention Title/name of PW and number: community volunteers (13) 1. Selection: volunteers were selected by the community and Plan Uganda staff on the basis of their reputation in the community, communication and language skills, and a minimum of a sixth‐grade education. 2. Educational background: average 8th grade 3. Training: training (14 days) focused on the programme content and effective communication skills that emphasized both common skills (e.g. a nonjudgemental, empathic stance) and motivational interviewing (e.g. open‐ended questions and rolling with resistance). The training was conducted by the research team and members of Plan Uganda. 4. Supervision: assistance in preparing the sessions, provision of feedback following session attendance (on average 6 sessions were attended) was given by staff members who provided the training. 5. Incentives/remuneration: not specified Prevention type: indicated – mothers presented some level of distress at baseline, as assessed through the CES‐D. Intervention details: 12 sessions (60 to 90 minutes) integrated intervention programme to groups of parents on a fortnightly basis addressing child care (play, talk, diet, hygiene, and love and respect) and maternal well‐being (e.g. increasing father involvement) + one booster session. Parents were encouraged to learn through a series of active and interactive activities (e.g. role‐play, games, parent‐child interactions, and group‐based problem‐solving), and were assigned homework to practice between sessions. Parents also received one or two home visits (40 to 50 minutes) to review the five parenting messages. Two mother‐care sessions were delivered to mothers only, two to fathers only, and two were delivered to mothers and fathers together. The sessions dealt with love and respect in three primary relationships: the mother’s relationship with herself, her child, and her spouse, as in other maternal mental health interventions. Control: waiting list – while on a waiting list, these communities focused on creating preschools for older children supported by Plan Uganda. At the end of the baseline interview, participants also received nutrition information, which included a coloured poster to identify what local foods constitute a diverse diet.
Outcomes	Participants’outcomes of interest for this review Depressive symptoms – CES‐D Carers’ outcomes of interest for this review Nil Economic outcomes Nil Time points: baseline, post‐intervention (1‐ 6 months)
Notes	Source of funding: Plan Uganda via Plan Finland (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and Plan Australia (Australian Aid) Notes on validation of instruments (screening and outcomes): the CES‐D had been previously used in Uganda. Additional information: none Handling the data: not applicable Prospective trial registration number: NCT01906606