Tripathy 2010.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: cluster‐RCT Duration of study: the study was conducted between 31 July 2005 to 30 July 2008. Country: Jharkhand and Orissa Districts, India Income classification: low‐income country from 2005 to 2006; low‐and‐middle income country from 2007 to 2008 Geographical scope: rural Healthcare setting: not reported
Participants	1. Age: 15‐49 years 2. Gender: female 3. Socioeconomic background: majority of households in scheduled tribe, owning less than 2 bighas (< 0.27 hectares) 4. Educational background: most did not have any formal school education (69‐78%); 70‐78% cannot read. Inclusion criteria: a. women; b. aged 15‐49 years; c. residing in the project area; d. had given birth during the study (31 July 2005 to 30 July 2008). Exclusion criteria: symptoms of severe depression. Note: considerations on baseline scores for Kessler‐10 item scale (K‐10) not applicable for this study Stated purpose: a participatory intervention with women's groups to reduce neonatal mortality in underserved tribal communities of eastern India, to improve home‐care practices and health‐seeking behaviour of pregnant and postnatal women and their family members, and to reduce maternal depression in the intervention areas
Interventions	Name: Participatory Women’s Groups and Health committee Title/name of PW and number: female facilitators 1. Selection: local female facilitator identified by community members 2. Educational background: not specified 3. Training: 7‐day residential training course to practice participatory communication techniques 4. Supervision: fortnightly meetings by district co‐ordinators 5. Incentives/remuneration: not specified Prevention type: selective—participants were included based upon the presence of a risk factor (women who just gave birth). Those who were identified by interviewers as having symptoms of severe depression were referred to the nearest tertiary mental health centre. Intervention details: 20 (monthly sessions) focusing on social support, problem‐solving skills, discussion of mental health challenges. Identifying and prioritizing maternal and newborn health problems; identifying strategies to address these problems and discussing their effects; and health‐service input meetings for village representatives to discuss maternal and newborn health entitlement issues. Control: usual care + health‐service input meetings for village representatives to discuss maternal and newborn health entitlement issues
Outcomes	Participants’outcomes of interest for this review Diagnosis of mental disorders (severe maternal depression) – K‐10 as proxy Carers’ outcomes of interest for this review Nil Economic outcomes Yes Time points: baseline, post‐intervention (7‐24 months)
Notes	Source of funding: Health Foundation, UK Department for International Development, Wellcome Trust, and the Big Lottery Fund (UK) Notes on validation of instruments (screening and outcomes): K‐10, a questionnaire for the detection of common mental disorders in community settings, that has been used in India and World Mental Health Surveys Additional information: none Handling the data: not available Prospective trial registration number: ISRCTN21817853