Yeomans 2010.
| Study characteristics | |
| Methods |
Study design: RCT Duration of study: the study was conducted between 2007 and 2010. Country: Burundi Income classification: low‐middle‐income country between 2007 and 2010 Geographical scope: two internally displaced persons camps in rural Burundi Healthcare setting: camps in rural, north‐central Burundi |
| Participants | 1. Age: mean age 36.6 years (SD = 12.8) 2. Gender: 44.4% female 3. Socioeconomic background: 48.3% lived in the camps. 4. Educational background: only 5% of the sample had completed more than 6 years of education. Inclusion criteria a. Almost all participants had been directly victimized by violence during or since the conflict onset in 1993, and many as much as 14 years prior to the time of the study. b. Baseline scores of Harvard Trauma Questionnaire Part IV (HTQ) (mean, SD: 2.14, 0.49 for intervention group 1; 2.25, 0.62 for intervention group 2; 2.04, 0.50 for the control group) and The Hopkins Symptom Checklist‐25 (HSCL) (mean, SD: 2.15, 0.57 for intervention group 1; 2.10, 0.65 for intervention group 2; 2.02, 0.60 for the control group) are within the standard cut‐off score (2.5 for HTQ and 2.25 for HSCL). Exclusion criteria: not reported. Note: at baseline, the intervention (1 and 2) and control group scores for HSCL‐25, total score were, respectively, 2.15 (0.57); 2.10 (0.65); and 2.02 (0.60). At baseline, the intervention (1 and 2) and control group scores for HTQ were, respectively, 2.14 (0.49); 2.25 (0.62); and 2.04 (0.50). Stated purpose: to evaluate the effects of PTSD psychoeducation within a larger trauma healing and reconciliation intervention in a rural region of Burundi |
| Interventions |
Name: workshop with psychoeducation Title/name of PW and number: Burundian facilitators 1. Selection: chosen by the nonprofit 2. Educational background: extensive experience with trauma workshop facilitation and for having demographics comparable to the participants (rural, poor, many without substantial formal education, and balanced in gender and ethnicity) 3. Training: full day of training dedicated to the modification of the standard workshop to accomodate planned differences in condition 4. Supervision: not reported 5. Incentives/remuneration: not reported Prevention type: indicated – participants presented with some level of distress as indicated by the HSCL‐25 and HTQ scores. Intervention details Intervention 1: workshop with psychoeducation (WP): six groups of approximately 20 participants gathered for 3 days, and 1 month later each workshop group reconvened for a full day follow‐up session during which major workshop components were reinforced. The 3‐day workshop used discussion, experimental exercises aimed at fostering interpersonal exchange, and games to explore themes of trauma, loss, anger, trust, and the roots of violence. Psychoeducational content on the first day of the workshop included a 90‐minute presentation and discussion of the 17 specific symptoms of PTSD. Coping trauma was addressed in terms of teaching relaxation skills. The Healing and Reconciling Our Communities workshop manual emphasized that recovery from trauma lies in the restoration of the relations between community members and individuals. Intervention 2: workshop with no psychoeducation (WPN): the active workshop condition with no psychoeducation was identical to the standard intervention, but it did not include the introduction of PTSD psychoeducational content and additional time was devoted to an exercise in which participants formed pairs and answered questions provided to them. Control: waiting‐list control condition – they received the workshops after the second assessment period. |
| Outcomes |
Participants’outcomes of interest for this review
Carers’ outcomes of interest for this review Nil Economic outcomes Nil Time points: baseline, post‐intervention (2 weeks after intervention's completion) |
| Notes |
Source of funding: not available Notes on validation of instruments (screening and outcomes): all instruments were translated and, prior to their use, the measures were checked for content and semantic equivalence by the three‐person Burundian advisory team. Additional information: none Handling the data: not available Prospective trial registration number: not available |