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. 2023 Oct 24;23:305. doi: 10.1186/s12866-023-03057-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Invasive and pharmacological medical treatments influence the oral microbiota after stroke. The duration of pneumonia (A), duration of antibiotic therapy (B), duration of invasive airway management (C) and ICU length of stay (D) were negatively associated with the Shannon index. PCoA results of multidimensional data are shown to display changes in microbial communities according to major variables in SAP: pneumonia progression (E), duration of antibiotic therapy (F), invasive airway management length of use (G), ICU length of stay (H), enteral tube feeding (I) and oral hygiene care (J). The x- and y-axes represent the two most informative PCs of the PCoA, and marginal boxplots describe the distribution of those values for the different groups. Color legends represent the respective variables under analysis. The number refers to the number of days in E, F, G, and H. The results of the PERMANOVA to compare dissimilarity indexes among samples are shown on top of plots accordingly. PCs principal coordinates; PERMANOVA permutation-based test