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. 2023 Oct 23;21:130. doi: 10.1186/s12969-023-00909-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Nrf2 adenovirus verification and HE staining. a-c Immunofluorescence verification of adenovirus effective transduction: immunofluorescence of Nrf2 vector group (c) is significantly stronger than that of control group (a) and Nrf2 empty-load group (b). d-g Hematoxylin–eosin staining of kidney histology: in the control group, glomeruli and renal tubules structures are histologically normal with a small amount of hyperemia near some glomeruli but without inflammatory cell infiltration. In MRL/lpr mice (model group), the glomerulus is congested (black arrow) and structurally disordered, a small amount of hyperemia is observed near some glomeruli (red arrow), several renal tubular epithelial cells are exfoliated to the lumen (green arrow), and inflammatory cell infiltration can be detected (blue arrow). In the Nrf2 empty-load group, the renal tubular lumen is congested, the boundary between the cells is unclear (red arrow), several renal tubular epithelial cells shed into the lumen (black arrow), and obvious inflammatory infiltration is observed. In the Nrf2 vector group, the glomerulus is congested (black arrow), and the disorder of tubular structure is alleviated compared with that in the model group